tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71114550866409708572024-03-20T16:09:06.967-04:00shavings and dustzekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.comBlogger119125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-29847736356174377952016-11-30T09:13:00.000-05:002016-11-30T09:14:06.615-05:00Mark Twain's BirthdayToday is Mark Twain's birthday. In honor of that I thought I'd post one of my favorite bits of writing from him, found in "Life on the Mississippi," which is a collection of memories and writings all about that great river. Captivating stuff, and a fun read.<br />
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This particular passage speaks well to the shift that comes as one moves from novice to skilled artisan. Beauty gets redefined, understanding deepens, worldview shifts. I do not think, as this passage indicates, that the ability to see beauty fades, rather that we understand things to be beautiful in different ways, if we let ourselves. Here, Twain is talking about the process of learning to "read the river" as a riverboat pilot.<br />
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"Now when I had mastered the language of this water and had come to know
every trifling feature that bordered the great river as familiarly as I
knew the letters of the alphabet, I had made a valuable acquisition. But I
had lost something, too. I had lost something which could never be
restored to me while I lived. All the grace, the beauty, the poetry had
gone out of the majestic river! I still keep in mind a certain wonderful
sunset which I witnessed when steamboating was new to me. A broad expanse
of the river was turned to blood; in the middle distance the red hue
brightened into gold, through which a solitary log came floating, black
and conspicuous; in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparkling upon the
water; in another the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling rings, that
were as many-tinted as an opal; where the ruddy flush was faintest, was a
smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines,
ever so delicately traced; the shore on our left was densely wooded, and
the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a
long, ruffled trail that shone like silver; and high above the forest wall
a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single leafy bough that glowed like a
flame in the unobstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun. There
were graceful curves, reflected images, woody heights, soft distances; and
over the whole scene, far and near, the dissolving lights drifted
steadily, enriching it, every passing moment, with new marvels of
coloring.
<br />
<br />
<br />
I stood like one bewitched. I drank it in, in a speechless rapture. The
world was new to me, and I had never seen anything like this at home. But
as I have said, a day came when I began to cease from noting the glories
and the charms which the moon and the sun and the twilight wrought upon
the river’s face; another day came when I ceased altogether to note them.
Then, if that sunset scene had been repeated, I should have looked upon it
without rapture, and should have commented upon it, inwardly, after this
fashion: This sun means that we are going to have wind to-morrow; that
floating log means that the river is rising, small thanks to it; that
slanting mark on the water refers to a bluff reef which is going to kill
somebody’s steamboat one of these nights, if it keeps on stretching out
like that; those tumbling ‘boils’ show a dissolving bar and a changing
channel there; the lines and circles in the slick water over yonder are a
warning that that troublesome place is shoaling up dangerously; that
silver streak in the shadow of the forest is the ‘break’ from a new snag,
and he has located himself in the very best place he could have found to
fish for steamboats; that tall dead tree, with a single living branch, is
not going to last long, and then how is a body ever going to get through
this blind place at night without the friendly old landmark."<br />
<br />
Happy Birthday, Mark Twain. zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-74616104437921182052015-12-29T17:42:00.003-05:002015-12-29T17:42:42.266-05:00Teaching PhilosophyI am engaged in something right now that is making me re-read my teaching philosophy. I wrote it last year, but it still feels right. It goes like this:<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">Teaching Philosophy</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">I
believe that design and making are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">active</i>
not passive. We must be present, committed, thoughtful and directly involved in
the world in order to become agents of positive change. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To this end, I believe that a solid design
education has three parts: inquiry, making, and aspirational thinking.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">Inquiry</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">When I Socratically
ask a student why they made a particular choice, they must unpack their own
motives and assumptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This helps them
to be more critical, more aware and more thoughtful as they engage in the
design process. So often we can be unaware of the questions we are really
asking, and this is especially true in young designers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students in our senior thesis class (a
two-semester required course), determine for themselves the subject of their
individual projects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only
stipulations are that the thesis must be applicable in Syracuse NY and respond
to a demonstrable need in this locale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This encourages them to directly engage local communities, to research
existing social and cultural conditions and to think critically about their
response to those conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students
guide their own studio work through discussion with each other and with the
other stakeholders in the project. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">One
process that I began implementing three years ago as a research tool is a
volunteering requirement. Each student is required to volunteer for at least 25
hours with a group or organization in Syracuse. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This gets them “out of the bubble” of our
University and into the community that surrounds us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For many of our students this is the first
time that they have spent any time with people from a socio-economic background
that differs from their own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By adding
this set of first-person experiences to their academic research, they are able
to create richer and more responsive designs as a part of their thesis
work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One student wrote in an
end-of-semester evaluation “I had no idea about the assumptions I was making
until I spent time with [a client at the Food Bank].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It really changed my design and it also
changed my life.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is slightly grand
perhaps, but this student’s ultimate design did shift from a relatively shallow
redesign of a community center/soup kitchen into an examination of food systems
in Syracuse and an exploration of food inequities.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">This
act of asking, this process of inquiry is not an isolated step in the design
process or the learning process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the
way through it is imperative that we step back and look critically at the
questions we are asking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I create
opportunities for our students to present their questions to their peers, to me
as a faculty member, and to visiting lecturers as a way to ask, “are the
questions I am asking really the questions I should be asking?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This process of research and evaluation is
carried through the entire design process.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">Making</span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">Making</span></i><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;"> is important and relevant, and
irrespective of discipline everything we design must be made by someone
somewhere. I love making of all types, and I am vocal about that. The deeper
each student’s understanding of which making, manufacturing, and building
processes can be drawn upon to realize their design, the more complete their
design approach is. To this end, whether it is in my interior design first-year
studio, my senior thesis studio, or my furniture design classes, making is
built into the syllabus. There is an attention to detail and a respect for
precision that is taught better through the end of the finger than through the
eye and the ear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though cutting
cardboard may seem trivial in the grand scheme of a design education, there is
a patience and precision and response to material that is learned by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">doing<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
</b></i>that can not be adequately communicated with lectures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the process of making models in first-year
studio the students learn these skills (patience and precision) as well as
learning that there are limits to and possibilities provided by each
material.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These limits and possibilities
are a part of our design lexicon, they enable us to do the work that we do and
to do it beautifully and well. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">This
process of practice extends beyond objects and spaces and into
relationships.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every design is about
relationships, and cultivating those relationships is an important part of our
job as a designer and as a teacher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
the students are doing their volunteer work, they learn by experience this
first-hand:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They must listen
respectfully and critically, often having to go to great lengths to tease out
information that they can apply to their design.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">making
of relationships</i> is an important skill that is (like cutting cardboard)
best learned by practicing, inside and outside of the classroom.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">In
my own work I have spent years learning to be keenly aware of the material I
work with, its origins and its story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is important to me to put that story into the finished piece somehow, and to
communicate it to the clients or users.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I believe that this helps the user connect to the finished piece and
gives it a higher personal value, and it is my hope that a higher value leads
to a diminished chance that the object will be cast aside and added to the
waste stream. This awareness of our place in the cycle of creation (as users
and waste creators) colors every design decision I make, from materials to
processes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It drives me to seek out
methods that have the smallest possible negative impact environmentally,
economically, and socially, and the greatest positive impact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also drives me to communicate this thought
process to my students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This method of
thought spills over into my teaching of course:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is no shred of knowledge, no bit of experience that cannot be
utilized as an educational tool.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The way
that leaves fall off of a tree in autumn, the way two people pass each other in
a hallway, the relationship of bone to muscle to skin in our hands, all of
these are clues to the way the world works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We can use these as signposts when we engage in our creative process; we
can let them lead us to a more thoughtful, appropriate finished piece.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">Aspiration</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">I
believe that what we do as designers and makers is important; it will change
the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even something as simple as
making a mark on a piece of paper changes the world from a world <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">without</i> that mark to a world <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">with</i> that mark. If this is true, if
every design perforce changes the world, I believe we have a responsibility to
do that in a positive way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe
that by teaching students the art of inquiry and the craft of making I am able
to help widen what I call the student’s “field of view.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We can easily fall into the trap of thinking
too narrowly, of ignoring the interconnected nature of the world around
us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But every choice we make has effects
that ripple outward, and choosing one material (for example) over another or
one construction method over another can have profound impact on all manner of
other disciplines and industries. To this end, I pursue projects for my
students that respond to that agenda, seeking out socially and environmentally
responsible real world clients like e2e Materials (a local sustainable-product
business), or community gardens and other community centers.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">As
field of view broadens, as we become more aware of the interconnected nature of
the things and processes and people in the world around us, we are able to
identify and mitigate the relationships that we are working to improve in a
much more sensitive way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes this
process is simple:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Critiquing a
first-year student’s drawing and noting the lack of crown and base molding in
the drawing can lead to a discussion about the role of molding in an interior
first as way to keep out the cold, then as a status symbol, then (by doing away
with it altogether) as a Minimalist statement about æsthetics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other times it is more complex:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a discussion with a thesis student about
generational poverty leads to insights about the role that government-built
housing (built cheaply and often with little thought about the relationship of
the residence to the end user) can play in underlining and even creating
attitudes about class-identity and self-identity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt;">These
three components (inquiry, making, and aspiration) are not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">steps</i> in a process, rather they are twisted around each other like
strands in a rope:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they start together
and support each other and run concurrently all the way through the process
arriving together at a student who graduates engaged with the world, looking
critically at that world, and ready to make positive change within that world. </span></div>
zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-17350349655176683972015-06-28T01:56:00.000-04:002015-06-28T01:56:03.343-04:00Death: Before and After.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAodpBqwcDvk4H4xKJST1M97gGAZgN08tjGLaoh4vdsqwKGPGaYdNg4wh4SW2eItPUX57Mxn_oob5cskE75k0lGIfQ7B6gWKd08Qlf5bfCpSlNvTu3yFCwAxrHDo0rKWE9oh0sv0pd8SgB/s1600/IMG_3334.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAodpBqwcDvk4H4xKJST1M97gGAZgN08tjGLaoh4vdsqwKGPGaYdNg4wh4SW2eItPUX57Mxn_oob5cskE75k0lGIfQ7B6gWKd08Qlf5bfCpSlNvTu3yFCwAxrHDo0rKWE9oh0sv0pd8SgB/s320/IMG_3334.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">We only had a couple of days in Paris before
we moved on again. Paris (like any major city) is impossible to
"do," in the sense that you hear sometimes ("Well, we <i>did</i>
London last year and this year we are going to <i>do</i> Paris). There
are so many layers; so much history, so much present, so many cultures, so much
much much that I think you could live there for years and never “do” it
all. I lived in New York City for almost ten years and never made it to
the Statue of Liberty, after all.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">We happened to be staying a stone's throw
from Notre Dame de Paris, and almost accidentally the trip became (mostly)
about this structure. Of course it is art-historically significant and I
studied it just a bit in college, and of course I was roughly familiar with it
as a structure, but truly photos can never prepare one for actually inhabiting
a building. What a breathtaking space.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is a Gothic cathedral (perhaps <i>the</i>
Gothic Cathedral) that is vast: Vastly wide, impressively long, and tall in a
way that quite successfully makes a human feel tiny in the presence of god,
which is what that space was meant to do after all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The builders employed a brand-new
architectural conceit that we call a “cluster column,” that is, on the face of
the piers that hold up the distant roof are carved delicate, tiny columns, one
next to the other in a cluster, almost like a handful of asparagus, or maybe
like holding a bunch of drinking straws of various sizes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The effect of this is to draw your eye up up
up to the vaulted roof, you almost can’t help but follow the columns up to the
heavens and there, peering up at the roof in awe you realize you are gazing
heavenward and feeling small.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Success in
architecture. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This is a building that was begun in the 11<sup>th</sup>
century and took a couple of hundred years to build.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thousands upon thousands of stones to be
dressed and put in place, tons of iron to be smelted and cast and forged, beams
to be hewn out of trees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a representation
of millions upon millions of labor-hours of work across generations.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9pm_f_rfOaovftX7n1C3hL-0rF19QAOfu3rhpLCRB-C1avAG2n3cUwDHCyEwfIkOMz6OioiPLx6kktGhEcHajgZFasNpXAUlQ6Gg9pgJ2lOQchd4ULmdhjnHuwPlR51i6-vg3VFuYG2vm/s1600/IMG_3332.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9pm_f_rfOaovftX7n1C3hL-0rF19QAOfu3rhpLCRB-C1avAG2n3cUwDHCyEwfIkOMz6OioiPLx6kktGhEcHajgZFasNpXAUlQ6Gg9pgJ2lOQchd4ULmdhjnHuwPlR51i6-vg3VFuYG2vm/s320/IMG_3332.jpg" width="240" /></a><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I was particularly smitten by the
hinges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are of course three main
doors into the western end of the Cathedral (this is normal for cathedrals,
especially of this style).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each entrance
had a pair of doors and each door had three hinges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“NBD,” as my students say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But these hinges are something else.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Large in scale, as everything is large in
scale in this structure, and strong, but visually delicate, almost spidery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are massive pieces of forged iron, but
have an æsthetic identity that is almost light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Knowing as I do a little bit about blacksmithing made me appreciate
these hinges even more:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the idea of
forging them, even in parts, of getting that intricate detail without deforming
the steel, of achieving that level of symmetry again and again really is a
staggering thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To look at these
hinges was to look at the work of a true master, a person who is so comfortable
with their hands and their tools and their material that they can make things
that no other, or few other, humans on the planet can make.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This person or these people lived a thousand
years ago, and not only does no one now know their names, there is probably no
way to even find out what their names were.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All we have is their work which stands still, a thousand years later, as
testament to lives lived in service to making things with their hands that are
of use and that are beautiful and that are made in a way that with care they
will still do what they are intended to do a thousand years hence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What in my life does the same?</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Which brings me to the Paris Catacombs.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Different from the Roman catacombs in almost
every way, the Paris catacombs are a series of tunnels that started as an
underground quarry for that white stone that is ubiquitous here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the late 18<sup>th</sup> century they
started to collapse, and engineers were sent down to shore them up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time, several cemeteries were
being emptied, and all of the bones were brought down into the tunnels and
stacked down there, since there was nothing else to do with the space.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This resulted in a spectacularly creepy
environment deep deep underground.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">We have to a certain extent become inured to
skulls and bones, I think.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We see so
many toys and Halloween decorations that are skulls and bones that I thought
this would be more of the same: slightly creepy but mostly cool, and a fun
afternoon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was wrong on all counts.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As a starter, walking down a continuous stone
spiral staircase some 9 or 10 stories underground is enough to creep me
out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No elevator, so no quick escape if needed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No landings, either, just a relentless spiral
down down down into the clammy darkness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The monotony of this part of the walk is meditative in its way, though the
meditation is less than relaxing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the
base of this stair is a hallway, about 6 feet wide and maybe seven and a half
feet tall in the center of the gently arched ceiling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Electric wall sconces light the way every
thirty feet or so on alternating sides, meaning that the light is patchy,
yellow, and barely lights the floor which is sloping, pitted, and, as my wife
pointed out, “not something you would ever find in the States.”</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The depth of this tunnel is almost palpable,
you are keenly aware of the hundreds of feet of stone above you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every so often there is a tunnel off to the
right or left, dark as dark can be and locked off with an iron door like a
prison door.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I always find that not
knowing evokes feeling considerably more than knowing, and the mystery of the
dark tunnels with locked doors intensifies the already heightened feeling of
extreme creepiness.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Then you get to the bones.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG2Scq8lpAAT3AdNMHNEEdHSKRrdMCY0YBquDidm7Z2-lZXdibPcXgYPQkcT1iEXSIrWQUWwNYk2I0JR-nON1pgKpjrzG6jQIr1BZQSr8Ic6Jpl_9j2bjgxhnntS935TWnLUaepNxXWEZG/s1600/IMG_3342.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG2Scq8lpAAT3AdNMHNEEdHSKRrdMCY0YBquDidm7Z2-lZXdibPcXgYPQkcT1iEXSIrWQUWwNYk2I0JR-nON1pgKpjrzG6jQIr1BZQSr8Ic6Jpl_9j2bjgxhnntS935TWnLUaepNxXWEZG/s320/IMG_3342.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is almost like some Disney exhibit, there
are so many.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like the entrance to some
ersatz “pirate cave.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But these are
real.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there are thousands upon
thousands of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Six or seven foot
retaining walls have been built out of femurs, with courses of skulls either
facing in or out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In some places the
skulls have been arranged in a shape, like a heart or a cross.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In others they just continue in a long row,
face after fleshless face staring forever across the hallway at face upon
fleshless face staring back.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjclYHlajreqeKnwF_n1cqn8skmga1FDH0VTNm4QOczOa5FYsAfAGozMQvS7OZg2yb-4E1wjOc360qKjqkeMtcc0w8tYEMw5nHd_Po19WREr26Ydq86DU7Cwtie7jqKJrHPoPUxIgfXv1qr/s1600/IMG_3348.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjclYHlajreqeKnwF_n1cqn8skmga1FDH0VTNm4QOczOa5FYsAfAGozMQvS7OZg2yb-4E1wjOc360qKjqkeMtcc0w8tYEMw5nHd_Po19WREr26Ydq86DU7Cwtie7jqKJrHPoPUxIgfXv1qr/s320/IMG_3348.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I had a real “poor Yorick” moment as I walked
through the cool damp semidark:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All of
these bones had been a person, had been a child, had grown up, might have been
a parent or a sibling or a grandmom or a granddad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They probably loved and were loved, they
might have sung songs or played with their children, or enjoyed a sunset.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had birthdays and holidays, they
celebrated and cried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a human
life attached to each of these tens of thousands of femurs, each of the tens of
thousands of these skulls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one will
ever have any way of finding out who these people were, where they lived, or
what their favorite food was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We won’t
know who their first kiss was or what they did as a job, or what was important
to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These people have been dead for
hundreds of years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All we have are their
bones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Which of course is where the rest
of us are are all headed in time.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Which brought me back to Notre Dame de Paris, and to the
door hinges.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The people who made the door hinges are long lost in time
(“Lost in time like tears in rain,” as Roy Baty says in the Blade Runner
movie), but those hinges remain, and they keep doing the work they were
intended to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every morning the doors
swing open and every evening they swing shut, and the hands of the people that
put those doors on the hinges and the hinges on the building, though long
decayed to bones, are accessible to us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We are so temporary, so fleeting, so small in space and
time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What the Catacombs and Notre Dame
made me think about is the import of making my short time here really mean
something, and of how much I want to make some things that live longer than I
do, even briefly.</div>
zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-8022714673523472832015-05-26T21:30:00.000-04:002015-05-26T21:30:48.539-04:00Takenaka<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDIVwfPU5IQrIzelbnjpTrm20FXDgxLKHtXwb6Nx_71gCam4qC008bh2-flr8hbJu1vQi-aLe2fu6U0ZSJSxa37lXhvDOXEuOsAMhKki5d2283wCViIw6gaw6SO0l8QEupmB3KSnYf4gRQ/s1600/Takenaka+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDIVwfPU5IQrIzelbnjpTrm20FXDgxLKHtXwb6Nx_71gCam4qC008bh2-flr8hbJu1vQi-aLe2fu6U0ZSJSxa37lXhvDOXEuOsAMhKki5d2283wCViIw6gaw6SO0l8QEupmB3KSnYf4gRQ/s320/Takenaka+01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
"There are many things that can be learnt from [master carpenter's] skills and spirit to
be applied to contemporary organizations and the making of things."<br />
<br />
The last time we were here I raved about <a href="http://shavingsanddust.blogspot.jp/2013/05/tools-abroad.html" target="_blank">The Takenaka Carpentry Tools Museum.</a> It was a central stop last time and was so again this time. This time around they are in a new building, one that has been constructed using ancient techniques but applied to a lovely and thoughtful contemporary building. There are more exhibits, there is a workshop where you can take classes, all the furniture is by local craftspeople, it is crazy. <br />
<br />
I won't go back through what I wrote last time, that does not seem to make sense. And I do want this blog to be more than a travelogue, so just posting some photos does not seem to be the right thing either. Why bring a group of architecture and design students to a craft museum at all? None of them want to go into woodworking, so why bother even if it is a stunningly thoughtful and well-designed space?<br />
<br />
Well, one answer to that might have been raised by Howard Risatti in his book "Theory of Craft." It's a good book and one that has particular relevance in much of my work. He writes:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">When we look at craft objects from different societies...it is clear they all share common functional traits, what we would identify as functional form. It is also clear they have formal differences, these we would identify as their different stylistic forms or styles. Style, or stylistic form in craft objects, always exists along with functional form; but unlike functional form</span>, <span style="font-size: x-small;">stylistic form springs from the realm of culture and the intention to meaning, to signification. Moreover, because craft objects are an embodiment of both functional form and stylistic form, they must be understood as having a life as both physical objects and as social objects.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcwnDCFVPE8y_v11O7lQrO8GT0Mop-0zQyw7hM6jGsn_o2ff6WS7buicXxqi6Rk4ToJScvJa6_VoRjoVr_IQPy31MyTUZb1Q1X7REuXTVlckA_WG4icoCqaxCKEfEXjENDvCxAlYTicecN/s1600/IMG_3119.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcwnDCFVPE8y_v11O7lQrO8GT0Mop-0zQyw7hM6jGsn_o2ff6WS7buicXxqi6Rk4ToJScvJa6_VoRjoVr_IQPy31MyTUZb1Q1X7REuXTVlckA_WG4icoCqaxCKEfEXjENDvCxAlYTicecN/s320/IMG_3119.JPG" width="320" /></a>So a historic hand plane has an existence as an object, a tool, a component in a carpenter's tool kit. But it also has relevance in a conversation about resources and resource usage, and about what a style of work or a style of workmanship communicates about a particular culture. And my hope is that by exposing our students to the style of making in another culture that it will underline for them the stylistic and functional choices and assumptions that they are making in their own work.<br />
<br />
Japanese traditional carpentry, like Western carpentry, dictated (in part) the æsthetic that we think of as "Japanese." The mix of wood and clay and stone, the intentional asymmetry, the floor plans dictated by <i>tatami</i> mats, these have their root in how the spaces were made and used. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAM3XJvABXkHycL6zAewnt3glFu6aJQLXs2EmK9mjTg6PvA9rAR0Nw_5LnCZhBD0KH2cuBDjsa-DtFlTtDPzw_X7cEJgPRi_rmA1kEkWETZWYv-0lEqFWZg8c2pLoP9GNeLjvpGsvUqrug/s1600/Takenaka+02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAM3XJvABXkHycL6zAewnt3glFu6aJQLXs2EmK9mjTg6PvA9rAR0Nw_5LnCZhBD0KH2cuBDjsa-DtFlTtDPzw_X7cEJgPRi_rmA1kEkWETZWYv-0lEqFWZg8c2pLoP9GNeLjvpGsvUqrug/s320/Takenaka+02.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
As we walked around the museum yesterday and I talked about tools and methods, about materials and the way we treat them (they still have the bins full of shavings from different woods so that you can smell the difference between <i>hinoki</i> and oak, for example. IT'S SMELL-O-VISION! WITH WOOD. OMG.) I am hopeful that some of this resonated with the students. I am hopeful that as they move forward in their own design practices some gossamer memory of attention to not just materiality but also the ways that materials are used will have clung tot heir perceptions. Here are some photos and drawings from my favorite museum on the planet.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguhKLJ6X8aF9vp20FpzhlwcS0v6Uf-9JZUjUEiiaUuId8M9Tnoq3xVM5yPqdtCW8cfLsrfDJeFirJmIcfNpGR1_ueQu9nmZJgPDDEfwtWEHyEdzZl6qvq7x8HhhWe_llORFhGoFIqRWh_v/s1600/IMG_3113.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguhKLJ6X8aF9vp20FpzhlwcS0v6Uf-9JZUjUEiiaUuId8M9Tnoq3xVM5yPqdtCW8cfLsrfDJeFirJmIcfNpGR1_ueQu9nmZJgPDDEfwtWEHyEdzZl6qvq7x8HhhWe_llORFhGoFIqRWh_v/s320/IMG_3113.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The workshop. We did not have a chance to use it, but next time for sure.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ9XAGN65mGWlWbqdHXSB65ysZF7-Z7cdcvc0afO4m2QBNefbchuqhjE-FGmbaatEK_YbAaI9EzfFgX1CbSALb3v9Uy98R_TOY4KZryC0gCw5PVCf2SYl0XH2q-bjl5hJrPBh9OzaoQhaD/s1600/IMG_3116.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ9XAGN65mGWlWbqdHXSB65ysZF7-Z7cdcvc0afO4m2QBNefbchuqhjE-FGmbaatEK_YbAaI9EzfFgX1CbSALb3v9Uy98R_TOY4KZryC0gCw5PVCf2SYl0XH2q-bjl5hJrPBh9OzaoQhaD/s320/IMG_3116.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A huge plane and the shaving that came from it.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8QU9jtqcJQpImTj7DMvlSE8CE9sFegkO4E4v353-fNxNe552Yw0mRXHDdST7tYcehI9YnEf4okUUfNk8JvQgvzX21NG1CpvpVBGKC4KybGni8WrGV7WYy2Nph4wODCtiCeeTwQcvAVQS/s1600/IMG_3117.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8QU9jtqcJQpImTj7DMvlSE8CE9sFegkO4E4v353-fNxNe552Yw0mRXHDdST7tYcehI9YnEf4okUUfNk8JvQgvzX21NG1CpvpVBGKC4KybGni8WrGV7WYy2Nph4wODCtiCeeTwQcvAVQS/s320/IMG_3117.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Looks like a simple joint, right?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjStxxrR0s3OVVE2-SbAVI8WspbB1K1yV05I4OPxFVCRTWRq1fCXpdbZIkibOgDneZWzVjV3Vx0fr1HsKpEsxekPRQeo2p3uQDlXo5z0QwlzMP0GjrPfBec8Ok2KCV5cON4Jtu45Urp9EGM/s1600/IMG_3118.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjStxxrR0s3OVVE2-SbAVI8WspbB1K1yV05I4OPxFVCRTWRq1fCXpdbZIkibOgDneZWzVjV3Vx0fr1HsKpEsxekPRQeo2p3uQDlXo5z0QwlzMP0GjrPfBec8Ok2KCV5cON4Jtu45Urp9EGM/s320/IMG_3118.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Here's how that joint goes together.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhANzpvyfdjPe6xygguU6yCxH9EMfxvjGelEMXY-2LmbufFz53v8PvNrePFS9iiUSNz2PaxknXe8b12JfXTHPyamVn1FOrjvPqV0xpWXa_nKWorFCBKMhBUi303n5KS2pvMxIprpWmGLfDq/s1600/IMG_3120.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhANzpvyfdjPe6xygguU6yCxH9EMfxvjGelEMXY-2LmbufFz53v8PvNrePFS9iiUSNz2PaxknXe8b12JfXTHPyamVn1FOrjvPqV0xpWXa_nKWorFCBKMhBUi303n5KS2pvMxIprpWmGLfDq/s320/IMG_3120.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A really amazing display that is sort of a 3D exploded view of a timber framed structure showing all of the joints.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiClRpdhm_GYHgduk7KGqagY1PicntyiOulu-LQ4j2ze73Tp9I3s0J0XojZR0sEYCt1z4hzoSCvaCgjmgvb5PhU-ucDSjQ8GnqcE7415ceCg7J9azPds6tkIiprOtyfqrM_k8uuyREbzZwJ/s1600/IMG_3121.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiClRpdhm_GYHgduk7KGqagY1PicntyiOulu-LQ4j2ze73Tp9I3s0J0XojZR0sEYCt1z4hzoSCvaCgjmgvb5PhU-ucDSjQ8GnqcE7415ceCg7J9azPds6tkIiprOtyfqrM_k8uuyREbzZwJ/s320/IMG_3121.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A shouldered sliding dovetail bridle (kyorogumi) joint.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-85972040518182986562015-05-23T09:02:00.001-04:002015-05-23T09:02:05.557-04:00Urushi (漆)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwd-FTJ4HXS2yIzCGK2zTlAA1Qx-wipsxgCByUFJyGO_vJsSFxQceeKswfJDhgzR31n7I8r3V2nSsWZMQgmb0I9g3Vf9aOAeIDPTh3qGWANiR4uOD-N33JM-Dsy6T56AZ9zBaZ3jbCyIvo/s1600/urushi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwd-FTJ4HXS2yIzCGK2zTlAA1Qx-wipsxgCByUFJyGO_vJsSFxQceeKswfJDhgzR31n7I8r3V2nSsWZMQgmb0I9g3Vf9aOAeIDPTh3qGWANiR4uOD-N33JM-Dsy6T56AZ9zBaZ3jbCyIvo/s320/urushi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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One of the things that one sees a lot of here is
lacquer-ware. The beautiful deeply lustrous black and red (and clear)
lacquer is a finish that is unparalleled and iconic. So much so that
you can also buy black and red plastic objects like rice bowls and
spoons and trays that purport to emulate the finish, though there is
really no comparison. The only thing that is like <i>urushi </i>lacquer is
<i>urushi</i> lacquer.<br />
<br />
The binder for this lovely finish comes from the Japanese Sumac tree,
which looks not unlike our own sumac trees back home. This is a very
different tree, however: the sap of the Japanese Sumac contains a
compound called urushiol, which is the same toxin that is found in
poison ivy. The highly skilled craftspeople that work with urushi
lacquer go through a period of extreme discomfort during which they are
pretty much covered with the painful and highly itchy rash that any
sufferer of poison ivy can relate to. I have heard anecdotally that if
someone who works with <i>urushi </i>takes a break from it for a week or two
they have to build up a tolerance all over again when they come back to
it again, that no matter how long one has been working with <i>urushi</i> one
still has to get re-acclimatized.<br />
<br />
When I was young poison ivy was not of great concern. I had a small
case of it once or twice, but mostly I ran through the woods with
abandon and very little repercussion. In my early teens I started going
to the local YMCA summer camp for a week or two each summer. Camp
Hanes taught me a lot of things: it taught me how to be responsible for
younger people as a councillor in training (a lesson I put in to
practice now in my work life) about rock climbing and backpacking, about
how to sneak cigarettes and about power hierarchies and inequities.<br />
<br />
One year I was art of a group called the Rangers. It was not as
militaristic as it sounds: it was sort of like a work/study program. We
went to morning workshops and then in the afternoon we did a few hours
of work for the camp. I quite enjoyed it, actually, as even then, when I
was thirteen or fourteen or whatever I was I liked to be on the inside,
to be part of the workings of a place rather than simply attending the
place. It was that same tendency that would lead me to start working
backstage on shows, which would take me out of the great outdoors and
into large dark rooms and the world of the entertainment industry.<br />
<br />
I don't know if Camp Hanes still does the ranger program, I don't know
if they would be allowed to. We swung axes and used saws to prune
trees, we clipped shrubs, we drove the golf carts around hauling trash,
in general doing stuff in the eighties that would probably be looked at
very differently in the litigious 21st century.<br />
<br />
I can't for the life of me remember who the guy in charge of us was, but
I remember what he looked like: skin swarthy form day after day in the
North Carolina summer sun, leathery from years of being a Camel smoker.
He would smoke cigarettes while we worked, which always made us as
campers (who were not allowed to smoke, officially) highly jealous and
greatly desirous of a cigarette. I remember him as tall (though in
retrospect he may not have been) and I remember he had what we used to
refer to as "Dunlop's disease:" his belly done lopped over his belt. He
had the thick, slow, round accent of the North Carolina hills, and a
parsimony with words that will be familiar to people who have hung out
around farmers and country folk at all.<br />
<br />
One day our task was to clear the weeds from a small hill side next to
the tennis courts. This is probably almost 30 years ago and I remember
it vividly. Having been raised baby my mom to recognise plants by their
leaves, I immediately spotted that the bulk of the weeds were poison
ivy. The boss man handed me a swing blade (a sort of horizontal blade
set on a long handle) and told us to get to it.<br />
<br />
"But that's poison ivy," I piped up, thinking maybe he had not noticed.
"Yep." "And you want us to cut it with these?" "Yep." "Can I at least
go up to my cabin and put on jeans?" "Nope. Y'all can shower when yuh
finnish." So we got to work. To this day I remember the smell of those
huge leaves as the swing blade cut their stems, the baking, sultry heat
of the North Carolina summer sun, the sunburn starting to make my
scrawny back pink. I did shower, but to no avail, by the next morning
the first welts started to form. Then more. Then more yet. All the
way up both legs and on both arms the poison ivy rash stood out. I
remember how painful it was, how terrifying as it kept spreading. A
couple of weeks later I went with my dad to his little home town in
Michigan to visit my grandparents and I remember walking up the street
with one of those curved chopping knives that I had found in the attic.
It reminded me of a battle axe so I was carrying it around. The poison
ivy was so itchy I remember stopping on the sidewalk and using the
chopping knife to scrape at my legs, bent over and crying in frustration
as the welts were torn away and the yellow pus inside them oozed down
my legs. Ever after I have been extremely sensitive to poison ivy and
have mostly kept well away.<br />
<br />
A few days ago, in Kyoto, we took the students to a sushi making
experience. We sat at long tables while the sushi chef (who was also
the architect of the space and the owner) showed the students how to use
the long sushi knife to cut slices of very fresh fish, and how to ball
the rice and shape the sushi. It was a fantastic experience and left us
all stuffed full of sushi.<br />
<br />
After we had eaten, Aki (the sushi chef) told us how the building we
were in had been a factory where urushi lacquer was made and applied to
rice bowls and spoons. He talked about how he had bought the building
and turned it into this beautiful ryokan, or Japanese style hotel, and
showed us some lovely and quite old lacquer ware that he had collected,
some of which had been made in that factory when it was still a
factory. We all listened and learned and generally had a good time. He
told us about the big slab tables that we were sitting at and about how
he also loves to work wood, and how he had hand planed them and applied
the urushi lacquer finish to them himself. And he told us all how the
space had only been open for three months but that he was very proud of
it.<br />
<br />
The next morning when I awoke my wrist was itching. Not a normal "my
wrist itches" sort of itch, but a deeper, more painful itch that I have
come to know well. Somewhere in that lovely space there must have been some urushi lacquer that was not fully cured. And I found it. And that is how I came to have poison ivy in Japan,
and how I now know that the Japanese for "calamine lotion" is
"cadamine." And that is is really hard to find anti-itch stuff in a drug store when you can not read or speak the language.<br />
<br />
The sushi was fantastic though.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4tBEr8eBjBhTqW3YO-McuciVMColg5uGeXsm2reGRExGD6OmFUBJNtbgk2A1wtFnA5oyDzHjlK8nt4-regRJq84G6S42AP8cYFaceLQ537Ncx2bP8FUtxZoydIRlNGe__OEjKiOlcRbq/s1600/photo%252811%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4tBEr8eBjBhTqW3YO-McuciVMColg5uGeXsm2reGRExGD6OmFUBJNtbgk2A1wtFnA5oyDzHjlK8nt4-regRJq84G6S42AP8cYFaceLQ537Ncx2bP8FUtxZoydIRlNGe__OEjKiOlcRbq/s320/photo%252811%2529.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ouch.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span id="goog_1005809980"></span><span id="goog_1005809981"></span>zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-24326157992169264682015-05-19T21:07:00.001-04:002015-05-19T21:07:46.199-04:00Engawa (縁側)As he showed me my room on our first night here, the tall, blonde, German (?) guy who works the desk at our hotel pointed out the lintel above an alcove in my room that leads to the bathroom. "Be careful," he said, "in Japan it is painful to be tall."<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgods-bBSciUAjl6jjM5OMkaPrZ2s03wS0r-wBgCcg6ZN6cM_9wukz8uPeuQ2-D4wuL53p-otGCHQ5mU9HWXR8ZgOMUkiR4a9n-GO5iXbh3nP-HrfgKY7iTG-Qhgs6YnfxjFM1h3fKdlaBU/s1600/Ryokan+Engawa+space.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgods-bBSciUAjl6jjM5OMkaPrZ2s03wS0r-wBgCcg6ZN6cM_9wukz8uPeuQ2-D4wuL53p-otGCHQ5mU9HWXR8ZgOMUkiR4a9n-GO5iXbh3nP-HrfgKY7iTG-Qhgs6YnfxjFM1h3fKdlaBU/s320/Ryokan+Engawa+space.jpg" width="195" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A sketch of the engawa space leading into the bathroom</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Now, I am not a tall guy, being as I am several inches south of six feet. On the other hand, I am in a country in which I routinely find myself talking to or walking past adult humans who do not even come up to my shoulder. So I crack my head on that lintel almost daily and every time I do I think to myself "In Japan it is painful to be tall." We leave tomorrow and I wonder if I will even then be trained to duck as I step up into the little alcove.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXT189kTPIerUPmutfL7Hw5RwNd0AaGjxGjmv_N0ZKlU_juevgLg1kNyp3-x6eVhwhpE5kONmcao6wgV76Hc43-aiXAa_HDYpueIVMoohYhY9QKMXeSo-UOo7o-BMIu3XQBVCXNbLLhHYk/s1600/IMG_0656.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXT189kTPIerUPmutfL7Hw5RwNd0AaGjxGjmv_N0ZKlU_juevgLg1kNyp3-x6eVhwhpE5kONmcao6wgV76Hc43-aiXAa_HDYpueIVMoohYhY9QKMXeSo-UOo7o-BMIu3XQBVCXNbLLhHYk/s320/IMG_0656.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
The alcove is worth noting (and I have been since I got here not just because I keep rediscovering the top of the entry with my skull) because it represents a very Japanese space: <i>engawa</i>. Transition is important in traditional Japanese architecture, and passage from one space to another, though fluid, is also often tightly composed. An <i>engawa</i> space is one of the ways that this happens. Typically it refers to a sort of veranda on a traditional Japanese house that is either open to the elements or enclosed with screens. Here's a photo I took of a traditional house in a town called Takeyama last time I was here. You can see the <i>tatami</i> room and then, beyond the screens, the <i>engawa</i>. The user of the space does not walk out from the house into the garden, but has a period of adjustment, and interstitial space that eases the transition. The other thing that this space does is that it allows for very deep eaves on a traditional house, which is good since <i>shoji</i> screens are mostly paper and those eaves protect the walls of the house and the paper screens form the elements.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-yTY8IkN4mV3Ae70K434mV2E2wWLRR2aTUbFdiVLH40v17n1AMQ0W3mtAXtZN7_pB63QHsnUN1lyQk_78TDflFr5AvYA0alLQEEeYFzJfEHQ3-1TMstuduNq7lsJ2Dte0MqTzbkMnhfwL/s1600/Ryokan+room.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-yTY8IkN4mV3Ae70K434mV2E2wWLRR2aTUbFdiVLH40v17n1AMQ0W3mtAXtZN7_pB63QHsnUN1lyQk_78TDflFr5AvYA0alLQEEeYFzJfEHQ3-1TMstuduNq7lsJ2Dte0MqTzbkMnhfwL/s320/Ryokan+room.jpg" width="222" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rough floor plan of my room. </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
I don't have a veranda on my third floor room, of course, but this idea of "in between" space is so strong here that in a "Japanese style" room that is not very big to begin with I have not one but two of them. I have been thinking about them as my own little <i>engawa</i> spaces. They both have hardwood floor, and they flank the <i>tatmi</i> room, one inside the door and the other in the headbanging space between my room and the bathroom. In fact, to come into the room, there is a little entry, maybe 3'-0" by 20", then a little step up to an <i>engawa</i> space which is where the closet for my futon is, and then you finally step onto the <i>tatami</i>. The whole of the entry is maybe 36" x 60", so not huge, but there are several transitional spaces, utilising changes of level as well as changes of material and color. The hardwood helps protect the <i>tatmi</i>, of course, but it also allows for an entry into a space, it compresses the user into a small space before opening them up into a larger, brighter space. This has the effect, among other things, of making the space feel bigger than it is, because the user is experiencing it in contrast to the very small transition space. The American architect Frank Lloyd Wright used this kind of transition quite often, and I think he learned it in his travels here. <br />
<br />
Being aware of this and experiencing it has been reminding me about the importance of transition, and of honoring the need to allow for transition. So often in my life I do not build in time to process, time to enjoy, time to reflect. So often I go from one thing directly into another. Maybe there is value in emotional <i>engawa</i>. Temporal <i>engawa.</i> Even in this small space "transition" is important enough that space has been set aside for it. Maybe I would do well to take that lesson and apply it elsewhere in my life. At the very least I will tell myself this is why it was so important to put that lintel where it is. Not just to make it painful to be tall.<br />
<br />
Though in Japan, it is painful to be tall.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-38504647248767536602015-05-14T19:22:00.000-04:002015-05-14T19:22:06.653-04:00Hohai (Pray-Respectfully)On the ridge in the eastern mountains above Kyoto there is a series
of temples and shrines that are linked by a narrow street called <span style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Tetsugaku-no-mic</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i>hi, </i></span>the
Philospher's Path. It is mostly a gravel path with square flagstones
set in it that meanders along the side of a canal that runs the ridge
for quite a while. For a good portion of it there are gnarled and
twisted cherry trees on one side and the canal on the other, and
occasional views across the valley of Kyoto stuffed in between the
mountains. It is a beautiful walk.<br />
<br />
The canal is lined
with stone, and though the water at the bottom is only maybe a foot
deep, the stone-lined ditch is about ten feet deep, and maybe fifteen
feet across at the top. The clear water running along the bottom is
home to some gigantic carp who lazily face upstream with their mouth
open, eating away and generally living the life of Riley, it looks like.<br />
<br />
We
started on the path at Ginkaku-ji, the "Silver Pavillion," which is a
Zen Temple and garden that was finished in 1482. The dates here are
arresting for an American, of course. There is a completely different
time frame for a lot of the structures in Kyoto than the one we are used
to, and it is helpful to me to be jogged in this way. The things that I
have been learning and thinking and wanting have been learned and
thought and wanted for centuries (millennia, actually) of human
experience. This does not make them less real or less important (more
of both, actually), but it does help to contextualise my own life to
look at it against the backdrop of all of the lives that have come
before me I think.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_6J1MNr7KlvjyG5dUWfc0Z89ODc_9g1nlmooVZ4fOD2M4B0lmBWPoJN8lnOHco_ApJpTtMgj2q0xq9I-3kqpGbwHdUY8M_zIFMpYQYbmW0lmeH1nHrg-xhOuj_-9IkpQ5640YlVT42qom/s1600/Ginkakugi+tree.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_6J1MNr7KlvjyG5dUWfc0Z89ODc_9g1nlmooVZ4fOD2M4B0lmBWPoJN8lnOHco_ApJpTtMgj2q0xq9I-3kqpGbwHdUY8M_zIFMpYQYbmW0lmeH1nHrg-xhOuj_-9IkpQ5640YlVT42qom/s320/Ginkakugi+tree.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On the right is my drawing of a small waterfall in the garden.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The
temple garden is just incredibly stunning. There is a meandering path
that takes you around the gravel bed that has been carefully raked,
across some small bridges, past a little waterfall. The trees are quite
old, some of them, and twisted in ways that are precarious. Many of
them are propped up with these gorgeous posts to protect them and keep
them standing. <br />
<br />
After you meander through the garden
there is a path that leads up stone steps and across the ridge and back
down, giving the walker views of the temple from above swimming in a sea
of leaves. Beyond the temp,d buildings is Kyoto, jumbled and stacked
in between the eastern mountains and the western ones, looking for the
all teh world as if thousands of toy houses were laid out on a quilt
between your legs and then you raised your legs, making them all fall
into the valley.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKUWvL1FkRsdrlZ-bZ2P9VTjmYYKIJCejj78gsXMXM1CYJUNoGsAgVxvj43HvyZWMxnbbiAj4yeGJKQc4AOXEuSa_o5MD1ugvg1FOhDHzfXkXc7nDH_M1HSOX-gWFzhZGUVFWQv_9R4w4t/s1600/Ginkakuji+Attachment.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKUWvL1FkRsdrlZ-bZ2P9VTjmYYKIJCejj78gsXMXM1CYJUNoGsAgVxvj43HvyZWMxnbbiAj4yeGJKQc4AOXEuSa_o5MD1ugvg1FOhDHzfXkXc7nDH_M1HSOX-gWFzhZGUVFWQv_9R4w4t/s320/Ginkakuji+Attachment.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of my top 15 trees in Japan and the calligraphy for Ginkaku</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
As
the walker comes back down into the garden past a forest of
ruler-straight conifers of some kind (cypress? Juniper?) one of my
favorite trees in all of Japan comes in to view. Twisted like the
muscles of my forearm and propped up and an unbelievable angle, it
really is so lovely and so obviously ancient that I had to spend a few
minutes drawing it. <br />
<br />
The garden is so full of tourists
like us following the path that it is hard to get a sense of what it
must have been like during the Shogunate in which it was built. A place
of peace and contemplation and refuge, the quiet must have been almost
alarming.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj3RMI9CpzTAIK6pOfJp5NuTaMZYkWkxVT_nJrAGyZMZbjGT4XPM1-XBUczpQ2L7aD3y4lEL8jFATxD4jx281OzIHaabXr1SKEZKFzyef8UB14v8IJi2sTT6Mr16ouawB-pVejQ7PGjuLe/s1600/Ginkakugi+sign+post.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj3RMI9CpzTAIK6pOfJp5NuTaMZYkWkxVT_nJrAGyZMZbjGT4XPM1-XBUczpQ2L7aD3y4lEL8jFATxD4jx281OzIHaabXr1SKEZKFzyef8UB14v8IJi2sTT6Mr16ouawB-pVejQ7PGjuLe/s320/Ginkakugi+sign+post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHoSO6DT4WMZO1w2rqXP-Yk3smBbbZPEJBBuyywCiCG3TjLVlFUpR_TUjdHzmqVyFgEA8MVZ6zqiOCIyl3Ha7UeZ7iCkutZXWEaCXPe9pufEBUxhtJGAf3c6gbmZ5FVKpj3YXB8N0hhDZa/s1600/IMG_2892.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHoSO6DT4WMZO1w2rqXP-Yk3smBbbZPEJBBuyywCiCG3TjLVlFUpR_TUjdHzmqVyFgEA8MVZ6zqiOCIyl3Ha7UeZ7iCkutZXWEaCXPe9pufEBUxhtJGAf3c6gbmZ5FVKpj3YXB8N0hhDZa/s320/IMG_2892.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gardeners at work pruning a tree.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-37992532593788153522015-05-13T18:28:00.001-04:002015-05-13T18:28:22.231-04:00Konnichiwa (Coming/Coming Back)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
It is 6.27 am on day three of my return visit to Japan, and I have been trying to think about how to write about this and what to write about it. Coming back, it turns out, is different from coming here. Sort of like a second date, you know you will be exhilarated and excited, but you also know <i>how</i> you will be exhilarated and excited. Which does not lessen the experience at all but it does give it a different flavor.<br />
<br />
The difference in flavor is one that I have been trying to parse over the last couple of days as I settle into our routine here. The first trip of course everything was a learning experience, everything was new, everything was exploration. This time I knew exactly how to get to the good ramen shop, which streets lead to the knife store. I know what to expect when I walk into the Imperial Palace to get our permits to visit Katsura Villa. I am not just now finding out about <a href="http://shavingsanddust.blogspot.jp/2013/06/warning-extreme-tree-geekery.html" target="_blank">propped-up trees</a>, I am re-visiting old friends.<br />
<br />
This has been true for a lot of things, and I have to admit to being a bit crestfallen as this process was revealed to me. Like a lot of people I wanted the continued first flush of <i>newness</i> that I felt last time. Of course that is childish, but the only other time I have been to Japan everything was so very new, so very alien, that the excitement of discovery actually started to wear me out by then end.<br />
<br />
So I am taking stock and recalibrating. We walked the students to <a href="http://shavingsanddust.blogspot.jp/2013/05/kyomizu-dera.html" target="_blank">Kiyomizu-dera</a>, and I got to <i>re-visit </i>it, which, it turns out, was quite lovely. Although familiar, it is no less stunning. The massive beams and columns, the hand cut joints, the views of the city and the Western mountains beyond it, none of this is at all less enthralling. But because I already have the photos of these views and these things, I felt released from the need to obsessively document, and was able to sit in the gloom of the temple and just smell the incense and feel the worn wood under me and listen to the big bell ring and the people swirling outside and just sink in to the experience itself. How lovely.<br />
<br />
I did do a little sketching, which I have decided I need to do more of in my time here, which reminded me how little I draw these days. I hope to get better at it by the time we leave here. And I did take a couple of photos. But mostly what I did was sit and listen and smell and feel the place, and sit with my students, cajoling them to do the same.<br />
<br />
Seems like <i>that</i> may be the flavor of this trip: That instead of experiencing it through a little black plastic box I experience it the way that people have for centuries, and then relate it back through stories, which will have a different flavor this time. Here are some sketches and photos:<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZXwONR21d2eaG89t_8aawZmDSpptjwdVhhyphenhyphen_ea6pxnVq0oiN72Qnhg6Tktw-oaesGBTeCEpLV6czzvpnk2FHfDCBONVyHa6foIxVHLBUKEQnHMXOBUlkNDwyy1z_nw5roSPrijckspOPU/s1600/Kiyomizudera+views.+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZXwONR21d2eaG89t_8aawZmDSpptjwdVhhyphenhyphen_ea6pxnVq0oiN72Qnhg6Tktw-oaesGBTeCEpLV6czzvpnk2FHfDCBONVyHa6foIxVHLBUKEQnHMXOBUlkNDwyy1z_nw5roSPrijckspOPU/s320/Kiyomizudera+views.+.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some sketches from today.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicxyd-IhbHhZYszV1v18pgGZkB8ha6x_Vd41r69XKgkIaMFrGA6vIFnELeYHoAaloUgALkXjIg3k1bObdn9CRDmRpfQ12hpFXo6kJVF30P0ev6z87tcM_EBQ-VbaKHJWZp_TgSOn8JBNNJ/s1600/IMG_2877.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicxyd-IhbHhZYszV1v18pgGZkB8ha6x_Vd41r69XKgkIaMFrGA6vIFnELeYHoAaloUgALkXjIg3k1bObdn9CRDmRpfQ12hpFXo6kJVF30P0ev6z87tcM_EBQ-VbaKHJWZp_TgSOn8JBNNJ/s320/IMG_2877.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I love these baby Buddhas with bibs.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span id="goog_35898197"></span><span id="goog_35898198"></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp9iPKHL2rCaS4_Wn-8eUco-Qm9bZ9wJj5TKRACZoOM2aTo-0Bv8SuSXx3ckQUA1eVT2GdsppbSQwFTWu5EkSRlSssxN8f4GhH2vBRgEDU9fGSkDz3RPIWvZX7rn13e8JS7DA5kQTGZp6l/s1600/Kiyomizudera+post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp9iPKHL2rCaS4_Wn-8eUco-Qm9bZ9wJj5TKRACZoOM2aTo-0Bv8SuSXx3ckQUA1eVT2GdsppbSQwFTWu5EkSRlSssxN8f4GhH2vBRgEDU9fGSkDz3RPIWvZX7rn13e8JS7DA5kQTGZp6l/s320/Kiyomizudera+post.jpg" width="189" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I took a photo of this last time, fun to draw it.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIkkL9kJ3-yJZeWphPX9MZVqwvU79IkVGLIX-Qi2yH5z-adTgcWkdHvPjCD4suWGkL08e_WiNNDcmipYcTI3qRtCxXVoqFsJXH27I-G5FKqvI8ZNEezK10KOB9l-mOpwknUv94kV19PkEx/s1600/Kiyomizudera+gong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIkkL9kJ3-yJZeWphPX9MZVqwvU79IkVGLIX-Qi2yH5z-adTgcWkdHvPjCD4suWGkL08e_WiNNDcmipYcTI3qRtCxXVoqFsJXH27I-G5FKqvI8ZNEezK10KOB9l-mOpwknUv94kV19PkEx/s320/Kiyomizudera+gong.jpg" width="228" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is the big gong the sound of which reverberates throughout the temple.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwD9n04Kr5loD_weVYcD-w-fwdGp_SWiswTqzh5iWyz1GYXd-9y2UD3Rl8iFY8473teCAajY1zmstp4tolK6iifDakCMqmNoUMNAPoAAvrDDq7xKX8VGvU3PM_IPwhVpLMriSIHKX8GnQb/s1600/Kiyomizudera+calligraphy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwD9n04Kr5loD_weVYcD-w-fwdGp_SWiswTqzh5iWyz1GYXd-9y2UD3Rl8iFY8473teCAajY1zmstp4tolK6iifDakCMqmNoUMNAPoAAvrDDq7xKX8VGvU3PM_IPwhVpLMriSIHKX8GnQb/s320/Kiyomizudera+calligraphy.jpg" width="194" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Every temple has calligraphers, who will do calligraphy specific to the temple. The three characters down the left hand side of this page are "kiyo,' "mizu," and "dera."</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3Wr7VXEWwzD1jsTM_GO0t5Z7USkc6by3ZNhNqZpoMHDGkKe19hFYau7TV4A0TyR_IbO_KmSaFLFh6rM2cZshQtN2C5hoxrXvdnsj_kYKwmeSpQQOhkK3l13L5pH1Mlr8jIyEVBGVDa8TA/s1600/IMG_2870.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3Wr7VXEWwzD1jsTM_GO0t5Z7USkc6by3ZNhNqZpoMHDGkKe19hFYau7TV4A0TyR_IbO_KmSaFLFh6rM2cZshQtN2C5hoxrXvdnsj_kYKwmeSpQQOhkK3l13L5pH1Mlr8jIyEVBGVDa8TA/s320/IMG_2870.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Just a dad waiting for his kiddos to come out of the temple. Some things are familiar across cultures.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMfyVZcbd2g1qtkL0OiSwldFhY-ibLBaVZifg6ElKToj-BV49eDUFN05z5BY13SUvswmzQ3-P6HnwdBasewO8teb37JSaTX_HwZpbLQOW1nh2HnNc7yg2GVXfUpDeVhewfYEeWZO1zu5he/s1600/IMG_2872.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMfyVZcbd2g1qtkL0OiSwldFhY-ibLBaVZifg6ElKToj-BV49eDUFN05z5BY13SUvswmzQ3-P6HnwdBasewO8teb37JSaTX_HwZpbLQOW1nh2HnNc7yg2GVXfUpDeVhewfYEeWZO1zu5he/s320/IMG_2872.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Just because you are in a stunning kimono doesn't mean you don't like a good selfie.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikkJ5-j9YjGNCw4aHogka7Edru7XY-kk8i2H6v07ORd66pHrIHVSzHPVuBRrq2mO6Dr8m-tAlI0J3zsF6rTNXXUH9fHWE7RAAtnrSdPD8guq_4sZBx5W0FwVjdismJZuPPqrxalKDk9sJF/s1600/IMG_2876.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikkJ5-j9YjGNCw4aHogka7Edru7XY-kk8i2H6v07ORd66pHrIHVSzHPVuBRrq2mO6Dr8m-tAlI0J3zsF6rTNXXUH9fHWE7RAAtnrSdPD8guq_4sZBx5W0FwVjdismJZuPPqrxalKDk9sJF/s320/IMG_2876.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some really nice CNC-cut planters for the side of a steep hill.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7uJHwbdWzWB4OZHL23DUIMyZ5cpULCzzWMJU6uO0HwL85uk8xJczEQPn4RmsxNxG4N9AbzvZGf0lk0NM4t_qGxBxb7zsed3-9tep9lULrakmbe0wHnMcczfF9fpGBEZQtTkGC02u5saUh/s1600/IMG_2880.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7uJHwbdWzWB4OZHL23DUIMyZ5cpULCzzWMJU6uO0HwL85uk8xJczEQPn4RmsxNxG4N9AbzvZGf0lk0NM4t_qGxBxb7zsed3-9tep9lULrakmbe0wHnMcczfF9fpGBEZQtTkGC02u5saUh/s320/IMG_2880.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I love the way the curve of this maple tree accentuates the three dimensional grid of the columns and beams.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span id="goog_35898197"></span><span id="goog_35898198"></span><br />zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-84557679680752504522015-03-13T08:40:00.000-04:002015-03-13T08:40:28.707-04:00Designing ChangeThis is the text of a paper that I wrote with my friend, colleague, and mentor Dr. Lucinda Havenhand. We wrote it for the 2015 LearnXDesign conference in Chicago, mostly I am putting it here so I can find it again if I need to.<br />
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<h1 style="margin-top: 3.4pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 102%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Designing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>Change:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;">
</span>Teaching<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>Social<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>Responsibility<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>Through<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>Design<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h1>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 104%; margin-right: 320.65pt;">
Lucinda<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>K.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>Havenhand<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Zeke<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>Leonard<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;">
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-right: 15.7pt; text-indent: .5in;">
Embedded<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>within<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>idea<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>inherent<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>notion<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>“for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>greater<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>good.” <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>From<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;">
</span>its<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>origins<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>reform<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>movement<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>mid<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>19<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 200%; mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">th</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.45pt; line-height: 200%; mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>century<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 3.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>institution<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>education<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Bauhaus<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>subtext<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>clear.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>As<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>historian<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>Paul<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Greenhalgh<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>points<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>out<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>Introduction<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Modernism<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Design:<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span></span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 205%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.0pt; margin-right: 10.45pt; margin-top: 1.15pt;">
Design<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>forged<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>into<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>weapon<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>combat<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>alienation<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>apparent<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>modern<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>urban<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>society.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>It<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>therefore<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>construed<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>fundamentally<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>political<span style="letter-spacing: 3.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>activity,<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>concerned<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>achievement<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>proper<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>level<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">social<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>morality.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i>It<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 3.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>meant<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>improve<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>conditions<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>population<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>consumed<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>it.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 205%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">1</span><span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 11.6pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
As<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>educators<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">we</span><span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>know<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>story<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>history<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>professions<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>and <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>still<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>adhere<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>almost<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 15.7pt;">
intuitively<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>notion<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>every<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>strives<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>make<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>things<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>better. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>However,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 3.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>answers<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>question<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>“whose<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>better”<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>“what<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>actually<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>constitutes<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>better”<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>has<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">become</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>less<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>clear<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>recently<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>issues<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>budget,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>time,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>function,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>aesthetics,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>style<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>trends<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>often<span style="letter-spacing: 3.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>modify<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>definition<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>making<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>things<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>better,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>leaving<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>lower<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">on</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>list<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: 2.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>priorities.<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 15.7pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-indent: .5in;">
This<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>especially<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>true<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>within<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>context<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>financially<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>affluent<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>times,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">when</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">demand</span><span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>luxury<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>designs<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>respond<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>commercial<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>needs<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>take<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>precedence<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 3.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>market.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>Can<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>high<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>end<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>office<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>building<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>luxury<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>apartment<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>complex<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>possibly<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>serve<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>good?<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">And</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>mind<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">we</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>must<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>ask<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>question:<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>regardless<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>continued<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>idealized<span style="letter-spacing: 3.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>linkage<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>good<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>ourselves<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>professions,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>in<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span></div>
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reality<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>separated<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>itself<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>roots<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>because<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>demand<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>there?
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Have<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>original<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;">
</span>ideals<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>current<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>realities<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>separated?</div>
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It<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>interesting<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>look<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>discourses<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>ourselves<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>regard.<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Interior<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>Educators<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>Council<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>web<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>site<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>states:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>“We<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>believe<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>foundation<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>interior<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>education<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>grounded<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>ethics<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>encompasses<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>environmental,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>cultural,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>social,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>global<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>issues,”<span style="letter-spacing: 3.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>clearly<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>still<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>making<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>connection<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>part<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>list<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>many<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>things<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>field<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>identifies<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>with. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Such<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>claims<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>American<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Institute<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Graphic<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Designers<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Industrial<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>Design<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Society<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>America<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>web<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>sites<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>less<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>visible<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>specific<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>language<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 3.4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>greater<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>good<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>finding<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>place<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>theirs.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 8.9pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-indent: .5in;">
In<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>larger<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>discourses<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>disciplines,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>course<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>continued<span style="letter-spacing: 2.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>discussion<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>links<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Proponents<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>such<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Victor<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Papanek<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>life<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>long<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>champion<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>change<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>his <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>book<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>Real<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>World<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span></i><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">now</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>considered<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>classic<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>literature.<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Papanek<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>claimed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>that</div>
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Design<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>become<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>powerful<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>tool<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>man<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>shapes<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>tools<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>environments.<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>This<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>demands<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>high<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>moral<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>responsibility<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>designer.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>.</div>
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.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>.As<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>socially<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>morally<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>involved<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>designers<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>must<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>address<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>ourselves<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>needs<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>world<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>back<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>wall.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 196%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">2</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 196%;"></span></div>
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Papanek’s<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>treatise<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>still<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>considered<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>referred<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>watchword<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>good.<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Current<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>efforts<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>such<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>David<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Berman’s<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Do<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Good<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Design<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span></span></i>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Noah<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Scalin<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Michelle<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Taute’s<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>call<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>activism<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>continue<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>Papanek’s<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>charge. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Nonetheless<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>efforts<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>still<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>often<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>considered<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>“in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>addition<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>to”<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>core<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>teaching<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>practice,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>still<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>part<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>centers<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>aesthetics,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>formalism<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>market<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>forces.</div>
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And<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>so<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>observation<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>begs<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>question:<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>Are<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>good<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>still<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>linked?<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Is<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>there<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>still<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>inherent<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>charge<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>make<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>world<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>better<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>place?
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>And<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>further<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>should<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we</div>
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as<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>educators<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>teaching<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>always<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>consider<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>great<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>good<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: 3.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>priorities?<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>Is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>responsibility<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>educators<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>imbue<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>concern<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 3.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>respect<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>issues<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>justice?<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>authors<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>paper<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>two<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>designers<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>educators<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>still<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>believe<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>should<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>be.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Although<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>separated<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>nearly<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>generation<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>age<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>diverse<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>experiences<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>both<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>share<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>same<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>strong<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>belief<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>moral<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>imperative<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>charge<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>transfer<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>belief<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>students.</div>
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These<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>questions<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>concerns<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>form<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>crux<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>paper,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>asks
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>“How
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>do<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>teach<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>imperative<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>good<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>through<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design?” <span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Particularly,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>teach<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>an<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>age<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>environment<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>where<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>often<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>both<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>economically<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>socially<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>privileged<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 3.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>little<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>direct<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>injustice?<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>attempt<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>way<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>through<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>questions<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>present<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>here<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>both<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>description<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>analysis<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>efforts<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>attempting<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>case<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>study<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>roadmap<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>this. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>main<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>vehicle<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>senior-‐level<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>thesis<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>prep<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>thesis<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>courses<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>BFA<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>interior<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>curriculum<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>ideas<span style="letter-spacing: 3.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>could<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>applicable<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>levels<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>projects.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Our<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>methods<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>doing<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: 2.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>multivalent<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>some<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>case<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>experimental.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>Over<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>course<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>three<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>years<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>methods<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>included:<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>story-‐telling<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>collecting;<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>mandatory<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>volunteer<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>experience;<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>mentorship;<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>situational<span style="letter-spacing: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>analysis;<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>library<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>research;<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>reflective<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>exercises;<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>peer<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>sharing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>collaboration.</div>
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This<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>paper<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>outline<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>how<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>embedded<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>considerations<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>through<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>methods<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>teaching<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>share<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>evaluations<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>techniques,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>well<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>reflections<span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: -1.25pt;">
</span>our<span style="letter-spacing: -1.25pt;"> </span>difficulties,<span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;"> </span>second<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>thoughts,<span style="letter-spacing: -1.25pt;"> </span>push<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>backs<span style="letter-spacing: -1.25pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -1.25pt;">
</span>successes<span style="letter-spacing: -1.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;"> </span>using<span style="letter-spacing: -1.2pt;">
</span>them.<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">We</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>hope<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>bringing<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>topic<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>forefront<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;">
</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>lead<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>candid<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>discussion<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>means<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>responsible<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>designer<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>educators<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>today’s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>world.</div>
<h1>
Part<span style="letter-spacing: -1.5pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -1.5pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 60%;">-‐<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span></span>Discovery<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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As<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>educators<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>us<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>programs<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>attract<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>variety<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>students.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Since<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>education<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>does<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>reach<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>back<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>through<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 80%;">K-‐<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span></span>12<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">
</span>system,<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">
</span>find<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>only<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>through<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;">
</span>research<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>unique<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;">
</span>educational<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>experiences<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>(summer<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;">
</span>camps,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>workshops)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">by</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>means<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>someone<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>knows<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>is.<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>Generally<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>leads<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>attracting<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>only<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 4.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>profession<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>able<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>know<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>appreciate<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>through<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>parents,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>mentors,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>media<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>public<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>culture.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Therefore,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>potential<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>aspiring<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>designer<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>generally <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>accepted<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>role<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>(such<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>doctor,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>lawyer,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>architect)<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>except<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>those<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>opportunity<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>know<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>design. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Furthermore<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>historical<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>trend<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>insistent<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>reality<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>interior<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>fashion<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>programs<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>attract<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>young<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>women<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>usually<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>young<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>women<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">
</span>from<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>middle<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>upper<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>class<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;">
</span>backgrounds.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 10.35pt; text-indent: .5in;">
The<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>first<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>step<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>must<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>taken<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>when<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>teaching<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>demographic<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 3.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>socially<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>conscious<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>already<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>are.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>To<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>end,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>back<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>out<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>larger<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>discussion<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>empathy<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>aspiration.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Our<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>first<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>exercise<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>assignment<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>asks <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>“What<span style="letter-spacing: 2.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>your<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>passion?”
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Within<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>exercise<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>consider<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>question<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>answer<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>succinctly<span style="letter-spacing: 2.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>can.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>We<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>encourage them not<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>pre<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>judge themselves<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>to just<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>express.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>We<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>tell<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>everything<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>fair<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>game<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>there<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>right<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>wrong<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>answer,<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>take<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>thoughtful<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>honest.<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>They<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>required<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>write<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>paragraph<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>using<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>“analytical,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>professional<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>language<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>explain<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>your<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>why<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>you<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>feel<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>drawn<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>it.”<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>Our<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>goal<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>exercise<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>open<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>up<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>emotional<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>door,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>allow<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>understand<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>means<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>feel<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>strongly<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>something<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>commit<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>it. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>We<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>ask<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>students<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 3.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>see<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>possibilities<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>presented<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>looking<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>critically. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>We<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>ask<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>explore<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>expresses<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>itself<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>concern,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>effort,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>happening<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>real<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>world. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Students<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>required<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>expand<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>writing
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>three<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>additional<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>paragraphs,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>each<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>explaining<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>ways<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>related<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>issues<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>situations<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>local,</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 209%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="WordSection5">
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 2.2pt;">
community<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>national<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>international<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>level. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>exercise,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>example,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>revealed<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>“eating<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>healthy”<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>led<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>consideration<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>university<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>food<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>service,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>local<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>Food<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Bank,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>international<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>hunger. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Passions<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>obscure<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>“makeup”<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>led<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>discussion<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>artistry<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>precision,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>consideration<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>teaching<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>art<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>local<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>children,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>position<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>art<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>positive<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>tool<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>promote<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>self<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>esteem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>centering<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>things<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: 3.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>feel<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>passionately<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>creates<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>strong<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>link<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>between<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>positions<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>personally<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>it.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>We<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>feel<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>personal<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>positioning<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>essential<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>teaching<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>affinity<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>justice.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-indent: .5in;">
Another<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>tool<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>use<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>during<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>introductory<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>phase<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>foregrounding<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>concept<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>empathy<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>important<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>part<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>asking<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>complete<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>empathy<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>questionnaire.<span style="letter-spacing: 3.4pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>The<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>Empathy<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>Quotient<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>test<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>assessment<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>tool<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>developed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>psychologists<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>used<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>primarily<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>screen<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>autism<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>spectrum<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>disorders<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>adults. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>case,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>so<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>much<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>concerned<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>score<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>sixty<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>questions<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>test<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>open<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>student’s<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>mind<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>idea<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>empathy<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>demonstrated<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>own<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>actions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>end<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>result<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>far<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>aware<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>empathy<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>concept<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>part<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>process<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>move<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>forward<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>projects.<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>We<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>believe<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>awakening<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>student’s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>empathy<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>essential<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>want<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>adopt<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>conscious<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>stance<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>work.</div>
<h1>
Part<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>II<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>–<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Immersion<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h1>
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<br /></div>
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After<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>introduced<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>topics<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>empathy<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>hopefully<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>awakened<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>position<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>send<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>out<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>classroom<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>human<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>needs<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>first<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>hand.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>This<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>happens<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>two<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>ways:
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>first<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">by</span><span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>using<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>local<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>sites<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>agencies<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>provide<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>problems<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>need<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>solved<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>which<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>allow<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>directly<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>engage<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;">
</span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>them.</div>
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Students<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>might<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>design<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>local<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>elder-‐care<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>facility,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>example,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>process<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 3.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>meet<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>spend<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 90%;">residents<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">-‐-‐</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span></span>getting<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>know<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>them,<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>asking<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>questions<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>trying<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>understand<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>perspectives<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>experiences. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Another<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>might<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>concern<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>itself<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>developing<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>strategies<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>city<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>deal<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>littering<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>recycling,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>allowing<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: 3.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>access<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>different<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>group<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>constituencies<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>politicians,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>crews,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>citizens<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>street.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>These<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>specific<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>community<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>based<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>projects<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>always<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>designed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>meet<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>real<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>people<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>real<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>situations. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>many<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>cases<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>introduced<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>projects<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>scenarios<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>populations<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>contact<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>with. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>required<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>one</div>
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<span style="mso-font-width: 90%;">–to-‐<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span></span>one<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>interviewing<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>dialogue<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>provides<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>place<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>where<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>empathy<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>developed.</div>
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Students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>required<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>collect<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>“the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>stories”<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>interviewees<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>clients<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>write<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>stories<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>experience. <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>We<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>use<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>narrative<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>over<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>simple<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 95%;">note-‐</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 19%;"> </span>taking<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>allows<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>filtered<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>through<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>personal<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>perception<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>empathy. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: 2.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>stories<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>told<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>written<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>become<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>basis<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>should<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>go<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>forward.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 9.7pt; text-indent: .5in;">
The<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>second<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>method<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>use<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>phase<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>volunteering.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>All<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>seniors<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>working<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>thesis<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>projects<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>are required to volunteer<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>twenty-‐five<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>hours<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>over<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>the course of<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>the semester<span style="letter-spacing: 2.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>agency<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>some<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>relation<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>thesis<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>project. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>This<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>allows<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>only<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>observe<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>population<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>actively<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>engage<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>it. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>role<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>volunteer,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>often<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>exposed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>first<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>experiences<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>agents<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>change,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>positions<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>participants<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>(and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>distant<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>observers<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to)<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>world. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>idea<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>must<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>personally<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>involved<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>situated<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>within<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>outside<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>problem<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>essential<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>designing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>justice.</div>
<h1 style="margin-top: .05pt;">
Part<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>III<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>–Aspirations<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h1>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<div class="WordSection7">
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 13.85pt; margin-top: 2.2pt; text-indent: .5in;">
From<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>awakening<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>self<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>awareness<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>empathy<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>well<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>first<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>hand<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>conditions,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>ask<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>look<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>outward<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>inspirations,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>precedents<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>role<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>models. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>They<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>asked<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>consider<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>greater<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>world<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>concerned<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>chosen<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>issue;<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Who<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>designers<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>working<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>socially<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>conscious<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>framework;<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>Who<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>writes<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>issues<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>justice;<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>What<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>say;<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>How<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>applied<span style="letter-spacing: 3.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>design?
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Students<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>asked<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>cast<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>wide<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>net<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>gather<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>answers<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>questions<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>hopefully<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>those<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>considered<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>“heroes”<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>justice.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Here<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>purposely<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>asking<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>those<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>emulate<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>projects<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>reflect<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>could<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>best<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>practices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>effort<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>purposely<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>taking<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>advantage<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>society’s<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>interest<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>spawned<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>popular<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>culture<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>creating<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>cults<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>stardom<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>heroes<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>putting<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>front<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>alternative<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>kind<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>hero<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>related<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>effort,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>sometimes<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>become<span style="letter-spacing: 3.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>“obsessed”<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>new<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>heroes,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>following<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>achievements<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>closely<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>often<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>applying<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>mentorship<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>internships<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>offices. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>end<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>feel<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>manipulated<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>cultural<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>tendency<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>productive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>substantial<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>end.</div>
<h1>
Part<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>IV<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>–<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Insistence<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: .4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 10.55pt; text-indent: .5in;">
All<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>said<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>cannot<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>underestimate<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>role<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>own<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>insistence<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: 3.6pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>plays<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>process.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>As<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>educators,<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;">
</span>like<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>not,<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>always<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>role<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>models<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: 3.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>students. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Students<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>learn<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>early<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>like<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>dislike<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>often<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>play<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>those<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>preferences<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>better<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>worse.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>We<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>labeled<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>“hard,”<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>“easy,”
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>“good<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>talk<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to”<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>“open<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>ideas”<span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>on. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Our<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>insistence<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>relationship<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>between<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>labels<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>us<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>well.<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>Ultimately<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>hoping<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>only<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>admire<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>us<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>it,<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>fact<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>look<span style="letter-spacing: 2.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>important<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>because<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>important. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>way<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>trying<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>imprint<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>importance,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>same<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>way<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>might<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>imprint<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>proper<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>way<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>draft,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>set<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>up<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>proposal,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>present<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>work.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Making<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>own<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>concern<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>justice</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 209%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="WordSection8">
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 15.7pt; margin-top: 2.2pt;">
visible<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>as
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>important<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>tool<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>trying<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>teach<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>any<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>methods<span style="letter-spacing: 3.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>listed<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>above.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Demonstrating<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>commitment<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>idea<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>set<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>values<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>becomes<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: 3.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>important<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>learning<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>draw<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>scenario.</div>
<h1>
Results:<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 208%; margin-right: 10.45pt; text-indent: .5in;">
Over<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>past<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>three<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>years<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>over<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>hundred<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>passed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>through<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>program<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>study<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>employs<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>techniques<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>teach<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>justice.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>impact<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>training<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>exhibited<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>itself<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>various<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>ways.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: .1pt; text-indent: .5in;">
First<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>directly<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>type<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>thesis<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>began<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>being<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>produced.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Students<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>turned<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>attention<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>issues<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;">
</span>began<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>producing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>thoughtful,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>interesting,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>well<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>considered<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>work.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>student,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>example<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>directly<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>worked<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>disabled<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>children<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>demonstrated<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>larger<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>body<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>moving<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>(or<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>moving)<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>space<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>other<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>scenarios.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Spatially<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>challenging<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>status<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>quo,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>innovative<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>successful. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Everyday<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>items<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>such<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>bathrooms,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>kitchens,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>stairs,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>halls<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>thoughtfully<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>re<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>conceptualized.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>One<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>assume<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>emerging<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>designer<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>would<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>never<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>take<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>those<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>spaces<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>granted.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 15.7pt; text-indent: .5in;">
But<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>importantly<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>come<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>out<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>projects<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>committed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>facilitate<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>larger<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>changes<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>society.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>documentation<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 3.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>creating<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>accessible<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>sports<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>facility<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>differently<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>abled<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>children
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>student,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Cassie<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>P.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>concludes:</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.0pt; margin-right: 8.9pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Overall,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>presents<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;">
</span>many<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>opportunities<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>engagement<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>via<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>interactions<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>between<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>users,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>site<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Near<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>West<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>Side<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>community.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>goal<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>expand<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>dialogue<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>disability<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>sport<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>local<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>level<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>so<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>issue<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>better<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>recognized.<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>For<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>reason,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>plan<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>showcasing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>talents<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>children,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>adolescents<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>adults<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>stars<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>space<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>symbol<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>positive<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>reinforcement.</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 209%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="WordSection9">
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.0pt; margin-right: 15.7pt; margin-top: 2.2pt;">
Most<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>importantly,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>implications<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>relate<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>because<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: 3.0pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>inspire<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>future<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>generations<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>accept<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>another<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>regardless<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>appearance<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>ability.</div>
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Another<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>student,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>Chelsea<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>S.<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>says<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>reference<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>creating<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Art<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>Center<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>underprivileged <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>students:</div>
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Finding<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>solution<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>creating<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>positive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>welcoming<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>reputation<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>community<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>extremely<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>important.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>My<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>method<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>presenting<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>ideas<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>values<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>behind<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>center<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>represents<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>community<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>will<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>help<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>get<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>my<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>audience<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>join<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>my<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>efforts<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>make<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>change.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>Helping<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>make</div>
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the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>community<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>more<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>inclusive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>progressive<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>generation<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>now<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>next<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>come<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>focus<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>drive<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>solution.</div>
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Across<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>board<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>students’<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>statements<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>solutions<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>embody<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>new<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>sense<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>commitment<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>use<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>tool<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>change.</div>
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For<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>many<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>volunteering<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>turning<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>point<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>problems<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>responsibility. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Students<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>often<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>described<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>having<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>personal<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>and long<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>range<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>impact<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>themselves<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>designers.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>Cassie<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>P.,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>studying<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>designing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>adapted<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>sports<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>clinic<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>stated:</div>
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I<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>completed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>25<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>hours<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>volunteering<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>various<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>adapted<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>sports<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>clinics<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>conferences<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>sponsored<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Fitness-‐Inclusion<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Network,<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>subsidiary<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Burton<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Blatt<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Institute.<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>They<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>collaborative,<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>cross-‐institution<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>initiative<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>that...develops<span style="letter-spacing: 4.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>innovative<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>ways<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>promote<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>support<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>inclusive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>recreation<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>children,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;">
</span>adolescents<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>adults<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>disabilities<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>Central<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>New<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>York.</div>
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Through<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>events<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>spoke<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>community<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>leaders<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>field,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>participated<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>adapted<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>sports<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>experimented<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>equipment.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>This<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>volunteer<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>challenged<span style="letter-spacing: 2.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>take<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>“roll”<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>someone<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>else’s<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>shoes<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>order<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>really<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>understand<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>difficulties</div>
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and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>limitations<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>associated<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>physical<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>mobility<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>impairments.<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>thrilled<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>get<span style="letter-spacing: 2.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>opportunity<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>play<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>outside<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>my<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>comfort<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>zone<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>meet<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>para<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>Olympic<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>athletes<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>because<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>changed<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>my<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>point<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>view<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>designer.</div>
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Katie,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>designing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>retail<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>operation<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>underprivileged<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>women<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>reported<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">her</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>volunteering <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>experience:</div>
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As<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>volunteer<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>Rescue<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Mission<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Clothing<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Outreach<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>program,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>known<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Thrifty<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Shopper,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>able<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>observe<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>firsthand<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>people<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>below<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>poverty<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>line<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">what</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>kinds<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>apparel<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>were<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>choosing<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>themselves<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>families.<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>2012,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Rescue<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Mission<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Syracuse<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>gave<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>away<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>over<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>70,000<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>pieces<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>clothing<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>those<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>need.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>Each<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>person<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>comes<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>allowed<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>get<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>4<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>free<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>items<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>clothing<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>each<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>month<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>each<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>person<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>family.<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>grew<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>learn<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>certain<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>people<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>name<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>got<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>know<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>so<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>very<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>meaningful<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>experience<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>I’m<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>happy<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>part<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>of.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 13.85pt;">
For<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>part<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>evaluations<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>revealed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>appreciated<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>were<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>trying<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>even<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>pragmatic<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>sense. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>One<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>said:</div>
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This<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>process<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>coming<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>my<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>thesis<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>topic<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>very<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>helpful.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Beginning<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>discussing<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>issues<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>passion<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>easier<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>decide<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>my<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>topic.</div>
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While<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>same<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>others<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>ultimately<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>felt<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>frustrated<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>being<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>pushed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>something<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>really<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>interest<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>them. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>“Can’t<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>JUST<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>restaurant?”<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>asked.<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>interaction<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>admit<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>ourselves<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>approach<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>teaching<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: 3.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>could<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>actually<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>seen<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>oppressive<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>limiting. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Another<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>student,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>Emily<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>W.<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>came<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>thesis<span style="letter-spacing: 3.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>process<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>knowing<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>she<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>wanted<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>high<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>ropes<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>interactive<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>exercise<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>course<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>college<span style="letter-spacing: 3.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>students. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>For<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>first<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>several<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>weeks<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>she<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>struggled<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>ways<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>make<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>accessible<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>other<span style="letter-spacing: 3.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>demographics,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>finally<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>asking<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>“change<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>world<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>designs,”<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>implication<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>being<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>she<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>did<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>mind<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>serving<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>only<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>single<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>demographic.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>While<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>acknowledging<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the</div>
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<div class="WordSection11">
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 13.85pt; margin-top: 2.2pt;">
privilege<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>inherent<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>demographic,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>she<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>asked<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>“what’s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>wrong<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>helping<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>empower<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>them? <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>A<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>lot<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>don’t<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>know<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>potential<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>might<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>be.”
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Through<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>continued<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>conversation<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>came<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>around<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>idea<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>ropes<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>course<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>could<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>course<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>opened<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>school<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>groups<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>surrounding<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>city<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>school<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>district,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>which<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>would<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>enable<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>different<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>demographics
<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>access.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 9.7pt; text-indent: .5in;">
This<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>kind<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>questioning<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>helped<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>us<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>see<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>two<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>things: <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>First,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>assumptions<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>demographic<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>dangerous<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>both<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>directions. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>If<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>privileged<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>college<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>Emily<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>wanted<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>engage<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;">
</span>could<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>learn<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>lessons<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>about<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>mutual<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>support,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>leadership,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>teamwork<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>facility,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>should<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>access<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>that?<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Second,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>even<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>when<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>push<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>back<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>against<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>ideas<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>socially<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>active<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>ends<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>up<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>being<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>infused<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>it.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 17.95pt; text-align: justify;">
This<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>good<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>lesson<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>provided<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>great<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>insight<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>us.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>We<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>were<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>happy<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>understand<span style="letter-spacing: 3.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>opinion<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>held<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>majority<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>students,<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;">
</span>who<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>seemed<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>embrace<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>sincerely<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>were<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>offering.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 14.35pt; text-indent: .5in;">
At<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>same<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>acknowledge<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>there<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>obvious<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>shortcomings<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>type<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>education. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>obvious<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>limitation<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>temporal<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>one: <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>fifteen<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>week<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>semester<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>does<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>give<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>very<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>much<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>volunteering<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>opportunity,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>twenty-‐five<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>hours<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>work,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>and then<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>incorporate them<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>into<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>design.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>One student<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>wrote in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>anonymous<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>evaluation:</div>
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I<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>felt<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>like<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>volunteer<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>requirement<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>little<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>tedious<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>project.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>We<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>didn't<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>begin<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>volunteering<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>until<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>second<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>half<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>semester<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">
</span>which<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>harder<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>complete<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>it.<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>felt<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>like<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>just<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>chose<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>place<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>volunteer<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>because<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to,<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>because<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>valuable<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>my<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>topic.<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>It<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>very<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>hard<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>place<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>enough<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>hours<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>work,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>even<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>wanted<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>volunteer<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>general.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
Grading<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>necessities<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>institution<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>imperative<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>impose<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>limitation<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the</div>
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<div class="WordSection12">
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 8.9pt; margin-top: 2.2pt;">
students<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>finish<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>volunteering<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>end<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>semester,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>some<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>(but<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>all)<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>cases<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>limited<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>depth<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>experiences.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>Another<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>possible<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>shortcoming<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>comes<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>point<span style="letter-spacing: 2.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>view<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>community:
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>end<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>twenty<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>five<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>hours<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;">
</span>stop<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>volunteering,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>impacts<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>organization<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>working<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>for. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>There<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>currently<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>method<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>place<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>fill<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>hole<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>leaves<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>behind.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 209%; margin-right: 10.45pt; text-indent: .5in;">
Success<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>any<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>teacher<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>indicated<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>success<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>students.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Watching<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>tracking<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>entrance<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>into<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>professional<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>life<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>seeing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>kinds<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>firms<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>projects<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>choose<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>reveals<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>impacted<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>perspectives. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>One<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Clairanne<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>P.,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>graduated<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>chose<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>pursue<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>job<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>U.S.<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Green<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Building<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>Council<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>rather<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>than<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>firm<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>so<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>she<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>could<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>deal<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>directly<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>issues<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>sustainability.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>When<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>she<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>left<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>USGBC<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>few<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>years<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>later<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>join<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>firm<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>she<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>hired<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>partially<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>sustainability<span style="letter-spacing: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>expertise<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>grounding<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>consciousness. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Another<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Maureen<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>B.,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>worked<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>school<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Central<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>America<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>under<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>privileged<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>kids<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>outside<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>office’s<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>invited<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>current<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>program<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>participate<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>project. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>By<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>doing<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>so<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>could<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>see<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>commitment<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>carried<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>beyond<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>thesis<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>into<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>her<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>professional<span style="letter-spacing: 3.7pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>life<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>while<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>affirming<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>its<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>importance<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>relevance<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>outside<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>classroom.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Two<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>recent<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>graduates,<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>Katie<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>M.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Michelle<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>P.,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>were<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>so<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>impacted<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>learned<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>thesis<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>process<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>after<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>graduation<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>stayed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>local<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>university<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>worked<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>maximize<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>contact<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>provide<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">
</span>services<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>sliding<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>scale<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>local<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>non<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>profits.</div>
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Surveys<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>taken<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>both<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>while<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>school<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>out<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>early<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>careers<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>reveal<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>aware<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>carry<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>linking<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>justice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>“As<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>designer<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>realize<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>see<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>world
differently,”<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>one ex<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">-‐</span>student<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>reported,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>“and<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>see how I<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>use<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>design<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>improve<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>it. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>feel<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>very<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>empowered<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>skills<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>designer<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>try<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>‘change<span style="letter-spacing: 2.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>world.’” <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>As<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>educators<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>realize<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>crucial<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>position<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>framing<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>justice</div>
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and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>bringing<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>our<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>understanding<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>designers<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>can<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>contribute.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>Although<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>students<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>embrace<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>social<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>justice<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>theme<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>go<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>forward<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>designers,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>many<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>alone<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>feel<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>great<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>success.</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><s><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></s></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.2pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">1 <span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Paul<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>Greenhalgh,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>ed.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>“Introduction,”<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Modernism<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>Design</i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>London:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>Reaktion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>Books,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>1990,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>pg.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.7pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">8.</span></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3.0pt;">2<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 102%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Victor<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Papanek,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>“Preface<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>First<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Edition,”<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Design<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Real<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>World</i>,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Chicago:<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>Academy<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 95%;">Chicago<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Publishers,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>1984,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>pg.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>xiii-‐xiv.</span></span></div>
zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-91778495073609006632015-02-10T22:42:00.002-05:002015-02-10T22:42:42.697-05:00TeachingI am in the process of applying for several teaching jobs at the college level. One of the standard documents that is asked for is a "Teaching Philosophy." Here's mine:<br />
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<b>Learning Objectives</b></div>
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I believe that design and making are active not passive. We
must be present, committed, thoughtful and directly involved in the world in
order to become agents of positive change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To this end, I believe that a solid design education has three parts:
inquiry, making, and aspirational thinking.</div>
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<b>Inquiry</b></div>
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When I ask a student why they made a particular choice, they
must unpack their own motives and assumptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This helps them to be more critical, more aware and more thoughtful as
they engage in the design process. So often we can be unaware of the questions
we are really asking, and this is especially true in young designers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students in our senior thesis class (a
two-semester required course), determine for themselves the subject of their
individual projects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only
stipulations are that the thesis must be applicable in Syracuse NY and respond
to a demonstrable need in this locale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This encourages them to directly engage local communities, to research
existing social and cultural conditions and to think critically about their
response to those conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students
guide their own studio work through discussion with each other and with the
other stakeholders in the project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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One process that I began implementing three years ago as a
research tool is a volunteering requirement. Each student is required to
volunteer for at least 25 hours with a group or organization in Syracuse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This gets them “out of the bubble” of our
University and into the community that surrounds us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For many of our students this is the first
time that they have spent any time with people from a socio-economic background
that differs from their own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By adding
this set of first-person experiences to their academic research, they are able
to create richer and more responsive designs as a part of their thesis work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One student wrote in an end-of-semester
evaluation “I had no idea about the assumptions I was making until I spent time
with [a client at the Food Bank].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
really changed my design and it also changed my life.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is slightly grand perhaps, but this
student’s ultimate design did shift from a relatively shallow redesign of a
community center/soup kitchen into an examination of food systems in Syracuse
and an exploration of food inequities.</div>
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This act of asking, this process of inquiry is not an isolated
step in the design process or the learning process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the way through it is imperative that we
step back and look critically at the questions we are asking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I create opportunities for our students to
present their questions to their peers, to me as a faculty member, and to
visiting lecturers as a way to ask, “are the questions I am asking really the
questions I should be asking?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
process of research and evaluation is carried through the entire design process.</div>
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<b>Making</b></div>
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Making is important and relevant and irrespective of
discipline everything we design must be made by someone somewhere. I love
making of all types, and I am vocal about that. The deeper each student’s
understanding of which making, manufacturing, and building processes can be drawn
upon to realize their design, the more complete their design approach is. To
this end, whether it is in my interior design first-year studio, my senior
thesis studio, or my furniture design classes, making is built into the
syllabus. There is an attention to detail and a respect for precision that is
taught better through the end of the finger than through the eye and the
ear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though cutting cardboard may seem
trivial in the grand scheme of a design education, there is a patience and
precision and response to material that is learned by doing that can not be
adequately communicated with lectures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the process of making models in first-year studio the students learn
these skills (patience and precision) as well as learning that there are limits
to and possibilities provided by each material.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These limits and possibilities are a part of our design lexicon, they
enable us to do the work that we do and to do it beautifully and well. </div>
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This process of practice extends beyond objects and spaces
and into relationships.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every design is
about relationships, and cultivating those relationships is an important part
of our job as a designer and as a teacher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When the students are doing their volunteer work, they learn by
experience this first-hand:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They must
listen respectfully and critically, often having to go to great lengths to
tease out information that they can apply to their design.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This making of relationships is an important
skill that is (like cutting cardboard) best learned by practicing, inside and
outside of the classroom.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my own work I have spent years learning to be keenly
aware of the material I work with, its origins and its story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is important to me to put that story into
the finished piece somehow, and to communicate it to the clients or users.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe that this helps the user connect to
the finished piece and gives it a higher personal value, and it is my hope that
a higher value leads to a diminished chance that the object will be cast aside
and added to the waste stream. This awareness of our place in the cycle of
creation (as users and waste creators) colors every design decision I make,
from materials to processes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It drives
me to seek out methods that have the smallest possible negative impact
environmentally, economically, and socially, and the greatest positive
impact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also drives me to communicate
this thought process to my students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This method of thought spills over into my teaching of course:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is no shred of knowledge, no bit of
experience that cannot be utilized as an educational tool.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The way that leaves fall off of a tree in
autumn, the way two people pass each other in a hallway, the relationship of
bone to muscle to skin in our hands, all of these are clues to the way the
world works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We can use these as
signposts when we engage in our creative process; we can let them lead us to a
more thoughtful, appropriate finished piece.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Aspiration</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I believe that what we do as designers and makers is
important; it will change the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even something as simple as making a mark on a piece of paper changes
the world from a world without that mark to a world with that mark. If this is
true, if every design perforce changes the world, I believe we have a
responsibility to do that in a positive way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I believe that by teaching students the art of inquiry and the craft of
making I am able to help widen what I call the student’s “field of view.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We can easily fall into the trap of thinking
too narrowly, of ignoring the interconnected nature of the world around
us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But every choice we make has effects
that ripple outward, and choosing one material (for example) over another or
one construction method over another can have profound impact on all manner of
other disciplines and industries. To this end, I pursue projects for my
students that respond to that agenda, seeking out socially and environmentally
responsible real world clients like e2e Materials (a local sustainable-product
business), or community gardens and other community centers.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As field of view broadens, as we become more aware of the
interconnected nature of the things and processes and people in the world
around us, we are able to identify and mitigate the relationships that we are
working to improve in a much more sensitive way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes this process is simple:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Critiquing a first-year student’s drawing and
noting the lack of crown and base molding in the drawing can lead to a
discussion about the role of molding in an interior first as way to keep out
the cold, then as a status symbol, then (by doing away with it altogether) as a
Minimalist statement about æsthetics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Other times it is more complex:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a
discussion with a thesis student about generational poverty leads to insights
about the role that government-built housing (built cheaply and often with
little thought about the relationship of the residence to the end user) can
play in underlining and even creating attitudes about class-identity and
self-identity.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
These three components (inquiry, making, and aspiration) are
not steps in a process, rather they are twisted around each other like strands
in a rope:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they start together and
support each other and run concurrently all the way through the process
arriving together at a student who graduates engaged with the world, looking
critically at that world, and ready to make positive change within that world. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-32794546635559550322014-11-20T08:24:00.002-05:002014-11-20T08:24:42.897-05:00Haptic Learning and De-SkillingA really well-written <a href="http://tajaltspace.com/my-role-in-de-skilling-the-arts-j-e-johnson/">blog post</a> has been making the rounds over the last few days that addresses "de-skilling" the arts. I suggest you go read it, it is not that long and it is really well written. A friend posted it to my FaceBook page asking what I thought about it, and I thought I should put my response over here as well to make sure I could get to it again:<br />
<br />
<span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody" data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.0.$end:0:$0:0">"Well,
I have a lot of thoughts about it. I think it is very well written,
and presents the situation in a refreshingly neutral way. Of course I
(like many of my colleagues) do my fair share of fist-shaking and
rending of garments and bemoaning the lo</span></span><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$0:0">ss
of haptic experience. But the reality is that generational experiences
have always differed (in the "I don't see what is so all-fired exciting
about this new-fangled 'pencil' all the kids are talking about! It's
just a phase. Who needs that kind of flashy gadget?!?" sense).</span><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$1:0" /><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$3:0" /><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$4:0">I
am interested to see how the generation that I am teaching now figures
out to process the world. I process a lot through touch, you see. The
feel of material in my hands, the way a plane feels when it moves across
the top of a piece of wood, the vibration of the back of a guitar
through my skin and against my rib cage. This is how I process the
world, and it makes sense to me.</span><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$5:0" /><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$7:0" /><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$8:0">But
then it makes sense to me that there are whole steps and half steps on a
piano keyboard and nothing in between, but a Japanese musician would
take real issue with that. They would be aware of quarter steps between
each whole note and the sharps and flats on either side, and they are
perfectly correct given their understanding of and filters on the world.</span><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$9:0" /><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$11:0" /><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$12:0">So
what does this mean? Who knows? But we have been genetically humans
for many hundreds of thousands of years, and have had new-fangled
inventions like writing and clothing and farming and steel and
electricity and houseplants and rugs and ice cubes for a tiny tiny
fraction of that. So NONE of us know what it means to us to have
computers.</span><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$13:0" /><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$15:0" /><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$16:0">All
I can do as an educator is guide my students as best as I can to a
broader understanding of the world they are moving through. I do that
by showing them how I work with my hands, but often they show me their
ways as well, and I think we are both bettered by that process.</span><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$17:0" /><br data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$19:0" /><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$20:0">In
the end, I guess I think two things: We can not put the digital genie
back in the bottle even if we want to. And progress is always made by
engaging in thoughtful conversations across boundaries. In this case it
is across generational boundaries, I think."</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody" data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$20:0"> There is a tendency to be over-glib on FaceBook, but the underlying sentiment is one that I have been thinking about quite a bit over the last year as I have been tasked with leading a group of faculty who are putting together a First Year Curriculum for the Design School at the university where I work.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody" data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".37.1:3:1:$comment10152971998558619_10152972382633619:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1:$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$20:0">More later I hope. </span></span></span></span></span>zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-15517961660795904092013-06-08T18:49:00.000-04:002013-06-08T18:49:00.019-04:00A Tale of Two DinnersI have not written much about the food I have been eating here, so as the trip winds up I wanted to record two very different but very Japanese gastronomic events.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFDwbW7d6AjGEyuZKriSzH0dKc5GsoC_RUaylkX0UroNqq1jj3eEWpx59N0LdcjTjXcOWPpgS-f_Ob6ocdIMmwDiCA8rHCaAve14_3zPzryHf9sUahRHNhAOYZcjKHuty6Dc0tp2HUDeiv/s1600/IMG_0815.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFDwbW7d6AjGEyuZKriSzH0dKc5GsoC_RUaylkX0UroNqq1jj3eEWpx59N0LdcjTjXcOWPpgS-f_Ob6ocdIMmwDiCA8rHCaAve14_3zPzryHf9sUahRHNhAOYZcjKHuty6Dc0tp2HUDeiv/s320/IMG_0815.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Raumen Museum. Notice the bowls on the wall.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The first is here: The Shin-Yokohama Raumen Museum. Holy crap is this weird. It is not a museum in the typical sense, rather, as the English-language guide says, it is "The first food amusement park to be created anywhere int he world." I don't know if this is true, but it sounds good, so we'll take it. For 300 yen (about $3.00) you enter into a gift shop (naturally). Then you head down two flights of stairs and through a curtain and you say "holy hell, what is this?" At least you say that if you are me. Because although the pamphlet tells you that the museum "is divided into two themes are, a ramen restaurant mall and a 1:1 replica of a section of Tokyo in the year Showa33 (1958)," You are really not ready for this. It is, in fact, a replica of part of Tokyo in the year Showa 33.<br />
<br />
Here I was, standing at night (it was lunchtime up above ground) on a little street of ersatz traditional structures. The hi-fi system was playing "street sounds" like people talking and motorbikes going by a block away, and there were lights on in some windows next to and above us. There was a door for a doctor's office, and a movie theater. If you peered carefully into the windows, though, you could see the wall of the basement right behind the curtains. It is all scenery.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGLzpGGaNswUXlqnXtprFDg3JKUPM_l9G5VgCBV0BNkQYU75-khUZ0cc7sw8lPIN3GGRXeM2fTscuvhWrESdVddJuoEW8xtCQQzQdpSnpAEn_FwpTGGx_fmm9KT0pqDX5jZ-KdBC2pmmo-/s1600/IMG_0817.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGLzpGGaNswUXlqnXtprFDg3JKUPM_l9G5VgCBV0BNkQYU75-khUZ0cc7sw8lPIN3GGRXeM2fTscuvhWrESdVddJuoEW8xtCQQzQdpSnpAEn_FwpTGGx_fmm9KT0pqDX5jZ-KdBC2pmmo-/s320/IMG_0817.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg8ycjsix7r8sAQZLWoJ-KU2L5s9jGgzU71q-3KKX_QoSzVWtEslBOaUOEzVrao1c72mA17ijWaBv809v7jY1Ex0CHLvdeKiAjpqJPn5KXNGBfhlAZ3rXiHDYxWCUNqa8odcx_J0YVTsm9/s1600/IMG_0818.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg8ycjsix7r8sAQZLWoJ-KU2L5s9jGgzU71q-3KKX_QoSzVWtEslBOaUOEzVrao1c72mA17ijWaBv809v7jY1Ex0CHLvdeKiAjpqJPn5KXNGBfhlAZ3rXiHDYxWCUNqa8odcx_J0YVTsm9/s320/IMG_0818.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
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"Why would you do this?" is a natural question, and here again the English language guide is helpful: "Why did we reproduce the year Showa 33? The mood from the good old days of Showa fills the visitor with nostalgia and an appetite to taste ramen. And importantly, instant noodles were invented in 1958. The invention transformed Japan into a nation of ramen connoisseurs." Oh. Well I suppose that makes sense, then. Now that you mention it, I felt filled with nostalgia and an appetite to taste ramen. <br />
<br />
As we came around a corner, a deep courtyard opened up in front of us, filled with people eating ramen and drinking beer and (mildly inexplicably) watching a balloon artist make balloon shapes to a J-Pop soundtrack. Because the other thing that the people behind the Raumen museum did is to gather nine of the best ramen shops in the world and get them to open an outpost here, under one roof. So it is basically nine ramen restaurants in a basement in Yokohama surrounded by a pretend chunk of nostalgic Tokyo. What's weird about that?<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbq7ThBRI33-RicL6jr81J5r7uWQjbkVggVDagVAUUF_FSWKx_10B0waDWbRcinrvmyI4wOe5RXG1Q3Cf8uD648Onsmzt_U_trOSLkG0DVMTqTSaLwaZj4ZEJhyXbK0Dg_MHDA5PZgFLio/s1600/IMG_0819.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbq7ThBRI33-RicL6jr81J5r7uWQjbkVggVDagVAUUF_FSWKx_10B0waDWbRcinrvmyI4wOe5RXG1Q3Cf8uD648Onsmzt_U_trOSLkG0DVMTqTSaLwaZj4ZEJhyXbK0Dg_MHDA5PZgFLio/s640/IMG_0819.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZue9Pn_BIAp49gwmUjJFzbYIjavclBlUEWPQNq-QUfY_QqpGcDwM1-wjBxxYJzeGY0FGBR1gqnWWiopg1z2wW5SLZa-7UafA29NNWJfiveKKOqOP_LWj79-yLQZbCY1Rg4ekpcMIFaUT/s1600/IMG_0820.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZue9Pn_BIAp49gwmUjJFzbYIjavclBlUEWPQNq-QUfY_QqpGcDwM1-wjBxxYJzeGY0FGBR1gqnWWiopg1z2wW5SLZa-7UafA29NNWJfiveKKOqOP_LWj79-yLQZbCY1Rg4ekpcMIFaUT/s320/IMG_0820.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgmiHOq2_XF8hkt2c5LZPF3DZ_VW5TSY22JojTRKuNKOax6it99wLSKx4AZzrQQB068ZNKQP-plpUiyT5F1_iU7cqX06vLUQAgMHwnH4bQvuE7Xk2O20D0-YaTearQwJDK6eAn5t86xfN4/s1600/IMG_0822.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgmiHOq2_XF8hkt2c5LZPF3DZ_VW5TSY22JojTRKuNKOax6it99wLSKx4AZzrQQB068ZNKQP-plpUiyT5F1_iU7cqX06vLUQAgMHwnH4bQvuE7Xk2O20D0-YaTearQwJDK6eAn5t86xfN4/s320/IMG_0822.jpg" width="239" /> </a></td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The balloon artist was pretty good, I have to say.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
So we had ramen. Weird, but damn good ramen. Some of the best I have had on my trip. Not a terribly educaitonal museum, maybe, but pretty wild nonetheless.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXh6ZM_HIHM319uTgJ4DhOXo-a5Pv6mAVhvzrpNYof3FT2hTyGaVwejPQTl88bxfmMTEMSGtUwEJwmg5x4CnZIpq5wLIdJb88GPWNptrzWPMboV-MyFrwwpT1RHde_PxK6aS0fCRcybvTd/s1600/IMG_0844.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXh6ZM_HIHM319uTgJ4DhOXo-a5Pv6mAVhvzrpNYof3FT2hTyGaVwejPQTl88bxfmMTEMSGtUwEJwmg5x4CnZIpq5wLIdJb88GPWNptrzWPMboV-MyFrwwpT1RHde_PxK6aS0fCRcybvTd/s320/IMG_0844.jpg" width="239" /></a>On to dinner last night: My colleague and I went out to dinner because it will be our last while we are here. Tonight we are supposed to be going to dinner with all of our students after their presentations, as a sort of "sayonara" thing, which will be nice, but we wanted to have one last dinner here as a way for us to say "goodbye" ourselves. She said she had a good spot that a friend had taken her to last week and we set off. We got off the train at Shimbashi, and walked a few blocks along a sort of alley beside the trains. Tucked under the train tracks are a line of restaurants of various strip. Some are just little ramen spots, one was called something like "Budweiser Adventure" and the gist seemed to be that you were assigned a "beer hostess" when you went in who catered to you during your stay and that posed for a photo when you left. There are a bunch of joints like that here. Creepy. We went on until we found this cross street. That is the train above, and restaurants below.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVM-8zGOQCyC2qXsXYn16GdZdFQRWyjtjLzzK8a_ol-vh9SrsegyGv619yLxw6yshlTF6Gr_018_3YA7jjPvgF3pq39eEygA_4XVxoh-9p-H5z3tD9vgwYq6IeQdMwL10IZ9oEi6VOBRRS/s1600/IMG_0842.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVM-8zGOQCyC2qXsXYn16GdZdFQRWyjtjLzzK8a_ol-vh9SrsegyGv619yLxw6yshlTF6Gr_018_3YA7jjPvgF3pq39eEygA_4XVxoh-9p-H5z3tD9vgwYq6IeQdMwL10IZ9oEi6VOBRRS/s320/IMG_0842.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A tiny alley under the train that is NOT a bunch of scenery.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
We walked past a little alley that looked for all the world like it was in the Raumen Museum, except that it wasn't and is real and is tiny and weird and filled with more sushi and noodle joints. Then we got to this joint. No idea what the name is, but I think it roughly translates to "Some of the best damn sushi you will ever eat in your life so get the hell in here gaijin." Or something like that. Because it was. We walked in past styrofoam crates of fish and fish parts, including one head and tail (see below) that I have to think were left out for effect. But it did seem that everything had come from the fish market that day. And it sure did taste like it.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfteO7_BM3Dmml0Uvh0tDUhCBgYTpzgsQ7Cki_iL6lBZ5owThC_6Ank01cPszH-wkBOgAizf3oVEvkOlUCUs_RzRkN4X5Ief32n6rZGwadytyBa_IoiwkAQ1glJau5GApu798msXG_1yal/s1600/IMG_0840.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfteO7_BM3Dmml0Uvh0tDUhCBgYTpzgsQ7Cki_iL6lBZ5owThC_6Ank01cPszH-wkBOgAizf3oVEvkOlUCUs_RzRkN4X5Ief32n6rZGwadytyBa_IoiwkAQ1glJau5GApu798msXG_1yal/s320/IMG_0840.jpg" width="239" /></a>We were the only non Japanese in the whole joint. The space was really several smaller spaces that had been punched through into each other. The floor was the street, there was an awkward curb running through the middle of one part of the restaurant. Unlike slicker joints near the hotel, the wait staff was not terribly polished. Lined up for a photo they would look like the cast of a Tom Waits song: they were wearing jeans or sweatpants and Crocs. One actually had a tattoo, one of the few I have seen here. It was loud, smoky, and slightly impenetrable to a non-Japanese speaker. It was perfect.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaSPlGgrmfmPNuVv2s8R0E6c1HQsE1K6M5uE4wz0iQ2sfJzu2nxKRoFSDIgEyK8nTfqL5oIl-Onn7F8dzQrgdKmGI_DV9iA24coaxKCrzLgkJtbjkT4jm63tPFBXneqYFsva5upQKHqEd5/s1600/IMG_0835.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaSPlGgrmfmPNuVv2s8R0E6c1HQsE1K6M5uE4wz0iQ2sfJzu2nxKRoFSDIgEyK8nTfqL5oIl-Onn7F8dzQrgdKmGI_DV9iA24coaxKCrzLgkJtbjkT4jm63tPFBXneqYFsva5upQKHqEd5/s320/IMG_0835.jpg" width="320" /></a>We selected "Today's Assorted Sushi" from the menu, but our waiter yelled at us and pointed elsewhere on the page and we shrugged and nodded and ordered two beers. Sometimes it is better to let the experts handle things. And they did. A huge plate of some of the freshest sashimi I have ever had came out. It was lovely. one of the coolest things about it was that there was a little grater and some raw wasabi root on the wooden plate. You ground your own wasabi. It was so fresh and clean, I have never before had fresh wasabi. What a difference.<br />
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After that we had tempura, which was also awesome. What an amazing place, what an amazing time. A great way to say goodbye to a place where I have learned so much and experienced so many new things. <br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSDnoW0797HKQXLMAC9bwfZZhAlBB4VyXzDEOckxB2YImSgKedDWO1Y5OYme0JRj_mSes-0j2m_1cCByYfc7z6JA-Jz-6qpS-zBFNRETH71JlCJEv91paSIgLfYbeOvaHKGvUV30-1xoC_/s1600/IMG_0837.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSDnoW0797HKQXLMAC9bwfZZhAlBB4VyXzDEOckxB2YImSgKedDWO1Y5OYme0JRj_mSes-0j2m_1cCByYfc7z6JA-Jz-6qpS-zBFNRETH71JlCJEv91paSIgLfYbeOvaHKGvUV30-1xoC_/s320/IMG_0837.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The restaurant.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1V0_np65tx3lU5lVXuk0TWt3Vk8vwi7CKIK_oRgAQ7_kbgOtR0JtRo06gJdeRRThgfqIm2_8Ei64FxSApJ3r8CJVci5iR9-JWilCgHj22ou844rabN5sPGtVaRA5nwbhqitghrzf13m2x/s1600/IMG_0838.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1V0_np65tx3lU5lVXuk0TWt3Vk8vwi7CKIK_oRgAQ7_kbgOtR0JtRo06gJdeRRThgfqIm2_8Ei64FxSApJ3r8CJVci5iR9-JWilCgHj22ou844rabN5sPGtVaRA5nwbhqitghrzf13m2x/s320/IMG_0838.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some of "Today's Sushi Assortment," I suppose.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH8WGxDU8C6WlvaV6mQ61HXVPh7z8CX9aRlk-Ws4YC7V8P2cPzV2ON8t7_l1gdEDWBGNTeQ15QbrrhAsuPDpxqzzS0QHb2uQKQ3Cr6aQgUSCKYaFbgz-B6ax3REnLhFhuDsTw2iJ0OW63j/s1600/IMG_0839.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH8WGxDU8C6WlvaV6mQ61HXVPh7z8CX9aRlk-Ws4YC7V8P2cPzV2ON8t7_l1gdEDWBGNTeQ15QbrrhAsuPDpxqzzS0QHb2uQKQ3Cr6aQgUSCKYaFbgz-B6ax3REnLhFhuDsTw2iJ0OW63j/s320/IMG_0839.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alas, poor Yorrick. He tasted good anyway.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-25837274373096402252013-06-06T18:38:00.001-04:002013-06-06T18:38:34.180-04:00Warning: Extreme Tree Geekery!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<img alt="" height="291" 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" 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Ok, the time has come. I have to write about the "propped up trees" phenomenon. It might be my favorite thing about being here.<br />
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In every garden we visited, and in other places as well, we saw evidence that some trees are revered enough that arborists and gardeners will go to great lengths to save and protect them. Which of course I love. The trees in these gardens are not allowed to grow in a way that Americans might say is "natural." They are pruned and trained into picturesque shapes that are as much living sculpture as anything else, often twisted shapes that look as though they have survived hundreds of years of buffering by the wind on some cliff face somewhere.<br />
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The thing is, this makes them really beautiful. I always am struck by the ways that tree trunks can twist and hold that twist, or can grow horizontally and then vertically to reach the sun. They really are sculptural objects in their own right, and they are everywhere already. So lucky are we.<br />
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But in a Japanese garden or on temple or palace grounds, they are sculpted more deliberately, often to the limit of what the tree can endure. This is where propping them up comes in. Then there are the trees that obviously have some historic or religious significance (sometimes there is even a plaque describing it, but of course I can't read any of the plaques here). These trees are propped up to keep them alive, and again, great lengths are gone to to keep them going. <br />
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The props themselves are sometimes beautiful examples of woodworking. They are often round poles (occasionally a foot in diameter, see below) with perfect mortice and tenon joints. They are tied to the tree with a biodegradable twine, and often the tree is wrapped with bark or a grass mat to protect it. It really is quite lovely to see, and the reverence that is accorded the trees is so lovely and so touching. These are venerable beings, after all, much older, in many cases, than the gardeners who tend them. They should be accorded the respect and gratitude we accord our elders, don't you think? I love that there is such ubiquitous evidence that many people here feel as I do about trees.<br />
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Last thing before we move on to some photos: I started this post with a piece of kanji that a student taught me. It means (depending on how it is used) either "tree" or "wood" Two of them next to each other means "small forest" and three of them means "forest." I am digging the pictogram thing. Intensely hard to parse, but my students have been teaching me a few characters and it is fun. So three down, about 5,000 to go, and then I can start in on the pronunciation. How hard can it be?<br />
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Ok, on to the photos of propped up trees:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3SQs2waobmDGWqLGhfmHVWj7pYFQMskNB4KF7y_T1Mk1UCF5n04smZyQMfZsxUlFqywsU6hjM0UVxGRxsFBs4vi-QNtzR37Kr-qqt7oviLanEHDxinBpji9l4XUZgJoQ8HBGfKSRA7ors/s1600/IMG_0047.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3SQs2waobmDGWqLGhfmHVWj7pYFQMskNB4KF7y_T1Mk1UCF5n04smZyQMfZsxUlFqywsU6hjM0UVxGRxsFBs4vi-QNtzR37Kr-qqt7oviLanEHDxinBpji9l4XUZgJoQ8HBGfKSRA7ors/s320/IMG_0047.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
We'll start with a pretty run-of-the-mill propped up tree. This is a lovely little pine on the grounds of the Imperial Palace in Kyoto. There are two perfectly fitted mortices in the cross-piece. Lovely piece of work.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk0ovjreqPxDqxEOcbMeWA-wamHij1fCiG1RTQbpdhWT8C-uin2pd7zxqNLd4xCshYgTt3csCr5XnCA10SYjwpwPja7qdkBJ7m0qaVO44jbpmHcY2VA7UyxaVXbAXlV5gQrPnMQUZ2vd6t/s1600/IMG_0048.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk0ovjreqPxDqxEOcbMeWA-wamHij1fCiG1RTQbpdhWT8C-uin2pd7zxqNLd4xCshYgTt3csCr5XnCA10SYjwpwPja7qdkBJ7m0qaVO44jbpmHcY2VA7UyxaVXbAXlV5gQrPnMQUZ2vd6t/s320/IMG_0048.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
A slightly more elaborate propping up. Also at the Imperial Palace in Kyoto.<br />
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I wish I had some idea about this tree. It is right at the corner of the castle building, and there was a huge plaque detailing its significance, but of course I could read none of it. There was a date from the early 19th century, but that was the best I could figure out. The trunk is about four feet in diameter, and the poles holding up the branches are each a foot thick. You can get a sense of the scale from the police car there next to the tree. This was one of the first things I saw in Japan and it won me over immediately.<br />
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A close up of the whole process: Wrap the branch in bark, then lash it with twine to the support pole. This way as the tree grows it won't hurt the tree. In a couple of places we even saw examples of the tree growing to support its own weight and growing off of the support. Pretty triumphant to see that.<br />
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A really nice example of the tree and the prop becoming a threshold into a space. There is another photo of a similar thing later on, but this is a lovely one. Many of these trees are bred to grow very slowly, so there is no guarantee that this tree is as callow as it seems, it could be quite old. Again, this practice is so normative here that there is no comment on it, no way to know anything other than what we see.<br />
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Maybe my second-favorite propped up tree. So lovely. This is in Katsura Villa, I think, so of course some of the top arborists in the nation are caring for this one. I just love the horizontal and the tow verticals set up by this particular tree.<br />
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The base of the supports for this tree land in a gravel garden, as this is in a Zen garden. I love that the monks rake around the posts, acknowledging them as important objects and incorporating them into the raked pattern.<br />
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A really tall propped up tree here. Those supports are about thirty feet tall. Still made the same way, with a perfect mortice at the top and lovingly lashed to the branches. This one is so tall that at first you are not aware of them as branch supports, but then you look up and realise that they are not a light post or something, that they are a part of the support system for the tree.<br />
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Sometimes support is in tension not compression. Here is a little tree that is being trained to hang out over a path in a beautiful way. Callow youth, this one.<br />
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I love it when the tree twists around like this. Looks like the muscles in an arm, don't you think? Here is an example of a tree that has been so tortuously trained that it could never stand on its own. But it lives on. The will to live is tenacious, even in (maybe especially in) trees, and they cling to life with great force of will. <br />
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And here is my all-time, hands-down, favorite propped up tree. At the entrance to Katsura villa. Truly lovely, not least because all of the heartwood has been eaten by rot or mold or something, but the sapwood is still keeping the tree alive, twisted though it is. The supports here are bigger than a foot in diameter.<br />
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Here is another shot of this one. You can see clear through it. It is so beautiful, I just sat and stared at it for a long time. The students were making fun of me after a while, but I did not care, it is just lovely. I am so thankful that i have seen this old lady, when ever I start feeling like I have reached my limit I will remember her and remind myself to avail myself of support systems and lean on things that I need to lean on. So much wisdom to learn from trees, and from those who take care of them.<br />
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A nice example from inside Katsura Villa. The <i>ma</i> created by the supports, the way they are there and not-there as the tree reaches out over the water is pretty amazing.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWm2RnqNbJCyvrYzcrMsULOzGwSLTzemUGKMp7IM4wxUqUJnDB4Apxb4lbtugyNrzyyMANC7XlUNGRRW8A7DPCmIv8-dzs3WTYbYMln8NwE29zn2H92i4D0adsdFGJ4OrvL7eqFebDu_fa/s1600/IMG_0281.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWm2RnqNbJCyvrYzcrMsULOzGwSLTzemUGKMp7IM4wxUqUJnDB4Apxb4lbtugyNrzyyMANC7XlUNGRRW8A7DPCmIv8-dzs3WTYbYMln8NwE29zn2H92i4D0adsdFGJ4OrvL7eqFebDu_fa/s320/IMG_0281.jpg" width="239" /></a> From Tneryu-ji Zen temple in Arashiyama. I love that the one branch has been trained so completely horizontally so that a real threshold has been made. This is a very typical type, see below.<br />
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From Bizen somewhere on the walk to the <a href="http://shavingsanddust.blogspot.jp/2013/05/hit-it-right.html">sword museum</a>. Using a tree as a lintel for entry into the house is a very common sight here, and one that I really dig. What nicer way to delineate space than with trees?<br />
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And this poor lady gets the prize for most punk rock tree. Holy crap. There is such a thing as too much of a good thing, and this is one propped up tree that really shocked me. I don't know if some terrible thing happened in its past, or if the gardeners are just over zealous, or what, but this is just crazy. Nice one to end on, I think.zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-74646044489595966552013-06-05T08:37:00.000-04:002013-06-05T08:37:19.512-04:00Books<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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I love books. Don't you? I love the way they feel, the way the pages sound when they turn. I like to be around them. Which is why I went to Jimbocho today. Just like there is a <a href="http://shavingsanddust.blogspot.jp/2013/06/time-to-cook.html">restaurant supply district</a> here and a musical instrument district, there is a section of town that is near three universities that is the used book store district. I am not kidding. It is on Yasukuni-dori and it looks like this:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwbo4w3IyRhln7Ehs3gMiDhpORkvqWppD0MV6g3GqoNiJR5NMMS335pMbcEn35VYVYLkbKUV8b5xwk70KTKJNUdfBhRI-7m_YqQD-dube17rTLgZAUE0A598FKWp8QUximjT6qTznNFagg/s1600/IMG_0801.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwbo4w3IyRhln7Ehs3gMiDhpORkvqWppD0MV6g3GqoNiJR5NMMS335pMbcEn35VYVYLkbKUV8b5xwk70KTKJNUdfBhRI-7m_YqQD-dube17rTLgZAUE0A598FKWp8QUximjT6qTznNFagg/s320/IMG_0801.jpg" width="239" /></a>When you get off the train, you see these big murals on the wall in the station because Jimbocho is block after block of used book stores. They smell delightful, holy cow. You walk in and they smell like old paper and years of knowledge accumulated and stored. I spent a couple of happy hours this morning wandering in and out of the stores, and I certainly did not get to all of them. After all, it was too early for the adult book stores to be open. And there were some that were not adult book stores that had not opened by the time I had to leave to get lunch and then meet the class.<br />
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(A parenthetical word about lunch, here, while it is on my mind: Most places in town you can get some version of soba or udon, which is pronounced oo DO(n). You sort of swallow the "n". And the bowl of noodles will be about six bucks, which is great. There is another kind of lunch joint that sells rice with thinly-sliced steak and onions on top. Which sounds pretty good, of course. Then they give you a raw egg, and the expectation is that you mix some soy sauce with it and pour it over the meat and rice. It does not really cook, so now you have raw egg all through your lunch, and if you are me you regret doing that. Yesterday I tried to not do that part, and the octogenarian woman who spoke no English ran over and said in Japanese "Put the egg in it before you eat it! No! No! Don't eat it without the egg! The egg! Put!! The!! Egg!! Put it on the dish first!! HOLY GOD WHAT IS WRONG WITH YOU?!? ARE YOU A MORON?!? PUT THE FUCKING EGG ON THE FUCKING RICE YOU IDIOT!!!" Or something like that. That was the gist anyway. I put the egg in. And then decided I did not want to eat that for lunch anymore. So I had noodles today, which had much less shouting accompanying it and was delicious and cost me $6.80. End of parenthetical statement.)<br />
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Where was I? Oh, Jimbocho. So a beautiful morning perusing books, most of which were written in a language I can not read. This was the problem. I really almost bought a whole bunch of them just for the covers, but I restrained myself. The smell when you walk in to a used book store is one of my favorite smells in the world. If someone bottled it I would wear it as a cologne. It is different from a library, there are added notes of desperation and resignation. Desperation and resignation on the part of the books, you know. Some of them, even if they are handsomely bound in leather, have long since resigned themselves to the fact that no one is ever going to buy a book chronicling the ebb and flow of city finances for some now-defunct small town in rural Michigan, for example. But there they sit, and they make such a lovely aroma when you walk in. It is like they are air fresheners except they actually smell good.<br />
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There are so many used books and used book stores the books are even out of the street. There are piles and piles of them for a buck or two. And you walk by the first joint and think "Wow, that is a lot of books." The you realise that you have just seen the first of maybe a hundred book stores. The map at the top of this post shows the stores. There are, to put it mildly, lots.<br />
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Each store is small, maybe eighteen feet wide, and most of them are arranged the same way: Books on both sides and then a central set of shelves as well. And a lot of them are arranged with two front doors, so that you can go in one side and out the other. Holy god there are books. Stacked right to the ceiling. Big books and little books and books of all sizes. Sets are sometimes tied together with twine. <br />
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As I looked them I started to notice something even more obsessive: They are often typed by store. So you have the World War II book store. Pretty much everything in there has to do with the Great War. Then you have a joint like this one, which was all sheet music. The whole joint was sheet music. Music for everything from Bach to the Beatles. Operas, individual songs, some from the 1920's, some published last year. Again, desperately hard not to buy them just for the covers, but I persevered. Then there was the place that is filled with books like the ones below. Canvas bound hard-covered books in these very pleasing cardboard dust jackets. No idea what they are about, but there is a whole store full of 'em if you have a need. You pay the shipping and I will send them along. They were really pleasing all on the shelf like that. And only five or six bucks each! Such a bargain, if only I knew what they were. <br />
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Then there is the place that is only movie scripts. Maybe some TV scripts in there too, hard for me to tell. Here is one movie that I missed, I wonder what it is about? Well, I don't wonder, it seems pretty self explanatory really, but either way, I seem to have missed its debut in theaters:<br />
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This place had a scary looking statue watching you as you poked around, to make sure that you didn't try anything funny. I did not try anything funny.<br />
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This store is all pop and fashion and music magazines. VERY hard not to buy the Star Wars magazines in Japanese. Some great hair-metal band covers too. <br />
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Like this one. I don't know who these guys are but I really really want to. They are on fire.<br />
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And there is a lot of pulp fiction. I mean bin after bin. Crappy sci-fi, crappy romance novels, cheap teen fiction. Most of it for sale for a buck or two, there is just the language thing.<br />
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So a lovely morning walking around. And a lot of time spent with books and people who love books.</div>
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<br />zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-80443249707050849522013-06-03T18:59:00.002-04:002013-06-03T18:59:58.445-04:00Time to cookLike any big city (and Tokyo is a BIG city, 13 million and counting) Tokyo has districts that cater to specific disciplines or past times. Day before yesterday, for example, I took a walk down Meidi-dori, which has five blocks of nothing but musical instrument stores. If you can't find it on Meidi-dori, you can't play music on it. It was pretty cool.<br />
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Most stores won't let you photograph inside, but here are some highlights:<br />
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Ukulele Planet. An entire store of ukes, from $20 kid's ukes to $2000 Martin ukes and everything in between. They had a flying V uke, they had vintage Hawaiian ukes, they had everything. I played a little 1920's banjo uke that had a great sound. I miss playing music an awful lot, I have not played since we have been here.<br />
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There was also a store the name of which I think is BOSS (though that could have been the name of something in the store, hard for me to tell. The top floor was all Martin acoustic guitars. I played a lovely little number that I had never seen, called the "Arlo Guthrie," a parlor size six-string with a real presence. Really nice to play. The fourth floor was all Gibson guitars and holy moly. Nice stuff.<br />
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The first floor of all of the guitar shops is dedicated to electric guitars, and there is rock blaring out of every one. Staffed exclusively by young men in their early twenties with carefully coiffed hair and a careful "I am WAAAAAY cooler then you are" look about them, they seem to favor American rock and especially bands like Poison, Dokken, and Stryper. If these names don't sound familiar think 1980's hair-metal bands. It was really funny to walk around and hear the sounds of my high school years blasting out at me.<br />
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So I wandered around and played some guitars and generally had a grand time. And then yesterday I went to the district around Tawaramashi-dori, which is where you go if you want to start a restaurant. I mean, there was everything there you could imagine, from burners and pots and pans to flatware to mugs and bowls. A favorite for me were the stores that sell the fake food that a lot of restaurants put in their window to advertise what you can get there. I would have brought back a whole load as presents for folks, but a single piece of sushi roll was $35, and a bowl of ramen was over @200! But then, these are hand-crafted (out of plastic, but that does not make them less of a craft object, after all). So I contented myself with taking photos.<br />
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Here are some of the sights:<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Just so you know where you are, there is a giant chef's head and giant tea cups.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A really lovely bench in a store that sold only wooden plates and bowls and cups.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3QJZtjH243njDOkKvEGSCzrkvsOaC7dZZY1CyuPkImJErMfkJSI8R1okiyBM2V70LmG10gRCIY4L8Ru2JoKfkUor9gn1yDrepH6amonlwS6HMe3yV2Vxxs0B8YjUVW-JF7DdOt7eJdTAT/s1600/IMG_0758.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3QJZtjH243njDOkKvEGSCzrkvsOaC7dZZY1CyuPkImJErMfkJSI8R1okiyBM2V70LmG10gRCIY4L8Ru2JoKfkUor9gn1yDrepH6amonlwS6HMe3yV2Vxxs0B8YjUVW-JF7DdOt7eJdTAT/s320/IMG_0758.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bulk hashi, or chopsticks. Thousands and thousands of hashi.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTpZEWwxl_-zZp2GyfNEVMb154TkMeLvF3tbJp76GgVlZQhfovTyJWd4ff661DLNIDyZzyqVaP440gcmJBFR9P_Z632bn-YPbuzujuH304Am0nJUFrnDF_TY7epwLiYcyId3ZtYysA6wSl/s1600/IMG_0759.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTpZEWwxl_-zZp2GyfNEVMb154TkMeLvF3tbJp76GgVlZQhfovTyJWd4ff661DLNIDyZzyqVaP440gcmJBFR9P_Z632bn-YPbuzujuH304Am0nJUFrnDF_TY7epwLiYcyId3ZtYysA6wSl/s320/IMG_0759.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...Aaaaand fancy hashi. Again, it is hard not to make the comparison to Ollivander's wand shop from Harry Potter.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP_-vkDa8PgALikGp0xgarqwBeCdT7eDo0aTGvwsaHQJ8XKXvaqExZCgG4Q_tn9YFEc7KsvyxH5EAt7gIwxQT8-RDjs9W7AUraMdJ4K2YMvB_5yL_QDiULNjeHQ4er-3mQrNPtjTuc4UzI/s1600/IMG_0760.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP_-vkDa8PgALikGp0xgarqwBeCdT7eDo0aTGvwsaHQJ8XKXvaqExZCgG4Q_tn9YFEc7KsvyxH5EAt7gIwxQT8-RDjs9W7AUraMdJ4K2YMvB_5yL_QDiULNjeHQ4er-3mQrNPtjTuc4UzI/s320/IMG_0760.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plastic food. This place was amazing.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV14lg1Y3E8CFdz6XGOmvTsWdInKt16PZ5bV8wecaReMqmYBsfwcsN-NwSNF-s8UUPFcNXkZ6Blfb87r-9k0y6yILiMgjeYx8KqsNw5Bch-W9G2SQ7m2kCFtcIltjJHH8CbT7B_CCyDlms/s1600/IMG_0761.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV14lg1Y3E8CFdz6XGOmvTsWdInKt16PZ5bV8wecaReMqmYBsfwcsN-NwSNF-s8UUPFcNXkZ6Blfb87r-9k0y6yILiMgjeYx8KqsNw5Bch-W9G2SQ7m2kCFtcIltjJHH8CbT7B_CCyDlms/s320/IMG_0761.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I mean, the sushi looks like real sushi. And it is $30-$50 per piece.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheYUJCffS86dmU17I6lwazoG4ggWN2fqRw-b5h7F6tQwD8AsRdVuFwibmDA9kgBQhm_fiQ8ENAkoTIr_NAF5CLtQYx6yyHlD_dfexo86WpU2qGdKOYdfb6vnqODNWJ3K0TIpSAKPsfxCCV/s1600/IMG_0762.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheYUJCffS86dmU17I6lwazoG4ggWN2fqRw-b5h7F6tQwD8AsRdVuFwibmDA9kgBQhm_fiQ8ENAkoTIr_NAF5CLtQYx6yyHlD_dfexo86WpU2qGdKOYdfb6vnqODNWJ3K0TIpSAKPsfxCCV/s320/IMG_0762.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plastic Bread.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqpdIl1J8Rg1lt53Cv6ONwQBbXfBp5LpSSZKilNApVwHswfGUUOfqCH4JmCaRBbxXrXkq2ijihbmN-sp2EP81afvak45_rTOU6O1Y6pjI-aZZ_uexaG1aE4jdoCw7LbkeHE3IDlnmonaJC/s1600/IMG_0763.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqpdIl1J8Rg1lt53Cv6ONwQBbXfBp5LpSSZKilNApVwHswfGUUOfqCH4JmCaRBbxXrXkq2ijihbmN-sp2EP81afvak45_rTOU6O1Y6pjI-aZZ_uexaG1aE4jdoCw7LbkeHE3IDlnmonaJC/s320/IMG_0763.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plastic ramen. I can't help it, I love this stuff.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFkJO9BHG17D803NXwtKdfm3ellAtxa6FSQC4ktYleNUkfkFfW0_4gJtnQAlS06qNJbjicqYxDMZrNYyzByzmbpiE_88PIbt4XUiWGj1C_WdwvZQubymkecqRgE6QNADKfT7CC1dcLxaDU/s1600/IMG_0765.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFkJO9BHG17D803NXwtKdfm3ellAtxa6FSQC4ktYleNUkfkFfW0_4gJtnQAlS06qNJbjicqYxDMZrNYyzByzmbpiE_88PIbt4XUiWGj1C_WdwvZQubymkecqRgE6QNADKfT7CC1dcLxaDU/s320/IMG_0765.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">And of course plastic beer. Mmmm. Now I am thirsty.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWzWRfHghto9GSzCMSzxspnxssO5eygG9KMNHCBzeVnUhPi0_N4dnhIAhZJ2I3vvB4gYCKjlqRnLbnEFwv1GVb5PEpJsVVeOY3zkoDKTTQzRfoeu1Lim_IwEqz36zWvStdK6jHoVBSKkfI/s1600/IMG_0766.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWzWRfHghto9GSzCMSzxspnxssO5eygG9KMNHCBzeVnUhPi0_N4dnhIAhZJ2I3vvB4gYCKjlqRnLbnEFwv1GVb5PEpJsVVeOY3zkoDKTTQzRfoeu1Lim_IwEqz36zWvStdK6jHoVBSKkfI/s320/IMG_0766.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These hang in restaurants to tell you what food they serve. So these all say things like "Ramen with Pork." They sure look beautiful, though.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghwnm_6HZ0ItgMEQLe_B7H_WUVxZo-xh3TAlMcSU1wIb9ajQS8Qg7WPMLYWMmRng3YyPzDL8WPxdjK9TIWg03JpQvZZKPdf9OPtGy6Il-3QrI-pfYetPBJkuTMZousqC-0zt8jmKHGNWgv/s1600/IMG_0767.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghwnm_6HZ0ItgMEQLe_B7H_WUVxZo-xh3TAlMcSU1wIb9ajQS8Qg7WPMLYWMmRng3YyPzDL8WPxdjK9TIWg03JpQvZZKPdf9OPtGy6Il-3QrI-pfYetPBJkuTMZousqC-0zt8jmKHGNWgv/s320/IMG_0767.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">So. Many. Little. Bowls.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWqy9wrIgMdT1g4ZQCgFhnuQXVjOBE76Rsb4-45tFgLEHjRDA3SsIMvn7J5J5NbNp_Dk8l6UdudH-lUdtXXtkPTL2ILL22rH5BYUUr0COAZYeBdbm950ICcnfLbyeP-oikLUUmkNv7L2AB/s1600/IMG_0768.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWqy9wrIgMdT1g4ZQCgFhnuQXVjOBE76Rsb4-45tFgLEHjRDA3SsIMvn7J5J5NbNp_Dk8l6UdudH-lUdtXXtkPTL2ILL22rH5BYUUr0COAZYeBdbm950ICcnfLbyeP-oikLUUmkNv7L2AB/s320/IMG_0768.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">And baskets! We got your baskets here!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr3IofBBZOArxUn9K5YI1uhpcbnYNLiYntNskEoYIamLUKMhz5SwPPtwOwM-cqIs_2jNlpmt-YaDXaux3HQ3emWfRPtOhjmoCz9mDs2kzgR7JipsAUEBR_JM1S2aAzTH9lT5iwIdvBd6cL/s1600/IMG_0769.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr3IofBBZOArxUn9K5YI1uhpcbnYNLiYntNskEoYIamLUKMhz5SwPPtwOwM-cqIs_2jNlpmt-YaDXaux3HQ3emWfRPtOhjmoCz9mDs2kzgR7JipsAUEBR_JM1S2aAzTH9lT5iwIdvBd6cL/s320/IMG_0769.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The amount of different ceramics is really overwhelming.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjn9VD4aeNGBSwkNPYsSsRGPpwu4kq8A39H7ocI1q-CeitB2kIeJ-sUW3LN5nZXhpO7CYtjUK1ePDalUyA3E7eKiHhlIdXr9OgErT0Gl9WADrdO8yGy_raSYG2kSqnon5GygxoiLqCxnRP/s1600/IMG_0770.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjn9VD4aeNGBSwkNPYsSsRGPpwu4kq8A39H7ocI1q-CeitB2kIeJ-sUW3LN5nZXhpO7CYtjUK1ePDalUyA3E7eKiHhlIdXr9OgErT0Gl9WADrdO8yGy_raSYG2kSqnon5GygxoiLqCxnRP/s320/IMG_0770.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">And this is the cheap stuff...</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFgJ6QxCRwOrFMmrfkOrlyjhtL5-6RF0Wy5YyxccgZdzjcItqy_n_getZmU1y59M4XZyUZnXRyqfRfr0nnpIhaJGvqEBBd7Po810zx_N1IiyLOQbZZLIHVcyTviOwbRVrYh9ihDKOzFMfq/s1600/IMG_0771.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFgJ6QxCRwOrFMmrfkOrlyjhtL5-6RF0Wy5YyxccgZdzjcItqy_n_getZmU1y59M4XZyUZnXRyqfRfr0nnpIhaJGvqEBBd7Po810zx_N1IiyLOQbZZLIHVcyTviOwbRVrYh9ihDKOzFMfq/s320/IMG_0771.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">WOOD. DEN. BOWLS.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR5cAhUPWHaa1bxgqRCmMGAEFT2uKlT7Ttur9YILpGUtxc7KK-66vY-gVxToJlhdkuFZf9QP7O4my8bw6bmmsjE_4XXwKqCbcr7iMQW3-Vw8zxSrXRbG8mzCH46G7X18z_LJN9bDm9BSG6/s1600/IMG_0772.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR5cAhUPWHaa1bxgqRCmMGAEFT2uKlT7Ttur9YILpGUtxc7KK-66vY-gVxToJlhdkuFZf9QP7O4my8bw6bmmsjE_4XXwKqCbcr7iMQW3-Vw8zxSrXRbG8mzCH46G7X18z_LJN9bDm9BSG6/s320/IMG_0772.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">You have no idea how hard it was not to come home with about 50 of these...</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigDAgUKIHnL-38y5jJnMk3Rka6khx9WBF4dwxJnSxbCNOc0SpmWITAxlHszQyNJYI-bMMmgsDxDrwzonrRVI0oaPxoKFm4jbupa5v6VR19AYARCo_zOSsecC28LMRmQoCkPeTeIWWMVp3l/s1600/IMG_0773.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigDAgUKIHnL-38y5jJnMk3Rka6khx9WBF4dwxJnSxbCNOc0SpmWITAxlHszQyNJYI-bMMmgsDxDrwzonrRVI0oaPxoKFm4jbupa5v6VR19AYARCo_zOSsecC28LMRmQoCkPeTeIWWMVp3l/s320/IMG_0773.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Paper straw for presentation. In every color you could imagine.</td></tr>
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<br />zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-73543807485846717252013-06-01T21:30:00.000-04:002013-06-01T21:30:30.183-04:00More Old Stuff (houses)My favorite museum in the United States is the <a href="http://www.thehenryford.org/museum/index.aspx">Henry Ford Museum</a>. Maybe another time I will write about that, it is really incredible and if you are ever within a hundred miles of Detroit you should really really go.<br />
<br />
I am not within a hundred miles of Detroit.<br />
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Yesterday, though, I was within a hundred miles of the village of Takayama in the Gifu Prefecture. We were staying in Nagoya for a couple of nights because a pretty special museum has been created in Takayama and we felt like it was worth the trip.<br />
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There were two basic types of domestic dwellings in historic Japan: The <i>machiya</i>, or town house and the <i>noka</i>, or farm house. We saw a LOT of machiya in Kyoto, as well as in other places here, but we had not really seen the <i>noka</i> style, in part because farm houses tend to be out on farms, you know, and hard to get to. Also, there do not tend to be a whole lot of them left.<br />
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Nevertheless, it is an important building type when talking about traditional Japanese architecture, adn we felt strongly that we needed to see them. In a lot of ways, <i>noka</i> help make sense of the development of Japanese buildings.<br />
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There is a school of thought (often contested) that rather than building out of wood, architecture came from the practice of weaving. The reason that some people contest this is that weaving is seen as "women's work," while building is "man stuff." as clearly poppycock as this is, there have been heated articles published on both sides of this (well, heated for architectural historians, anyway.) The thing is, that we had built structures before we learned to smelt metal. And when you look at yurts and tipi and Bedouin tents, you see very plainly (I think) that weaving and fabric were almost certainly the precursor to wood and iron in the built environment.<br />
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I am not an architectural historian, though, and my understanding of the whole debate is pedantic at best. The point of all of this is that when you look at <i>noka</i> houses, you see a really interesting overlap of wood construction and weaving. And I think that is very very cool.<br />
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The reason I invoked the Henry Ford at the beginning of this post is that one of the things that the man after whom the museum is named undertook was to dismantle buildings that he thought were important to the history of America and move them all onto the grounds as a village, <a href="http://www.thehenryford.org/village/index.aspx">Greenfield Village</a>. It is pretty amazing. The original Manlo Park is there, all set up, and a turn of the century steam-powered machine shop, which as you can imagine I just love.<br />
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So Takayama has the same thing, but with <i>roka</i> houses called <i>Hida No Sato</i> or the Hida Folk Village. There are around 30 buildings, moved there from all over the Hida Prefecture and lovingly reassembled for visitors to view. It really is worth the two-hour train ride.<br />
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Far from being mouldy old houses, these structures are lovingly kept in good repair, and fires are lit in each one every day because, as the literature says, a hearth fire keeps the house vital, and prevents rot and decay. True for so many things, don't you think?<br />
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So we went up there, the train taking us out of Nagoya and up up up into the mountains, which here are impossibly steep. A river pounded its way to the sea as we went against it, up to Nagoya.<br />
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One of the things I love about vernacular architecture is the way that tool marks are left visible. The presence of adz marks and chisel marks keeps the maker present all the time, and the Japanese tendency to maintain the "tree-ness" of the beams makes for a really lovely environment, I think.<br />
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Here are some photos, though they really don't do it justice.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG1tb8C_ajhjUAHlonzcP9Kp3_qcUhR38fgbiyQGfkIMha3uM28lNoXTVqsn4kPFKzrzRMuQdMlhV30u6BJjkHGECuLLckFbFb7ciLdr1ZfnxQS1UlhNs8nIKXCEz7vNrLcGvUsITlC-mo/s1600/IMG_0714.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG1tb8C_ajhjUAHlonzcP9Kp3_qcUhR38fgbiyQGfkIMha3uM28lNoXTVqsn4kPFKzrzRMuQdMlhV30u6BJjkHGECuLLckFbFb7ciLdr1ZfnxQS1UlhNs8nIKXCEz7vNrLcGvUsITlC-mo/s320/IMG_0714.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A thatch=roofed roka house</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2gYryQXLN6BWSF5znaFE9EH6tTDmZGN2L-YUtgJbK1oXWNBccigoWAxwMeNNLFHvpY6NgrAPeunq__br5tB33YJSpQqxCR_OtfyHvUr0qzreWLU_6peguZQcqllHWzvmDKkoXrnqYvYIy/s1600/IMG_0674.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2gYryQXLN6BWSF5znaFE9EH6tTDmZGN2L-YUtgJbK1oXWNBccigoWAxwMeNNLFHvpY6NgrAPeunq__br5tB33YJSpQqxCR_OtfyHvUr0qzreWLU_6peguZQcqllHWzvmDKkoXrnqYvYIy/s320/IMG_0674.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The central hearth. I am in love with the mechanism for adjusting the height of the kettle.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVrecCHadCTq4V438T4AvTqwuf9ngqopdmOMilF0VX6rj-enBDREwjNB0deZZaXCPfIM7EL6thtIvK1Hg92XpyLVW1_UiiWr2S9Yh_k9xUsw7XD7fvN-andvzNcm4xFPppUZffhXG2cCMW/s1600/IMG_0675.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVrecCHadCTq4V438T4AvTqwuf9ngqopdmOMilF0VX6rj-enBDREwjNB0deZZaXCPfIM7EL6thtIvK1Hg92XpyLVW1_UiiWr2S9Yh_k9xUsw7XD7fvN-andvzNcm4xFPppUZffhXG2cCMW/s320/IMG_0675.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I mean really, how could you not want this to be the view from your living room?</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6C_IjnpbQw6Ke5SxGL5-7wtYFpBS7N2H_fivrhkTMt6ze_ikyzb7OZMopgjPBHNEGyU55k_EYiBXol7TqP9zFBhZCVyB__8HRg6IlAlOqZg6lcPHnzi9F5sdpQlaE32RdoE8tiNXOcHBc/s1600/IMG_0685.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6C_IjnpbQw6Ke5SxGL5-7wtYFpBS7N2H_fivrhkTMt6ze_ikyzb7OZMopgjPBHNEGyU55k_EYiBXol7TqP9zFBhZCVyB__8HRg6IlAlOqZg6lcPHnzi9F5sdpQlaE32RdoE8tiNXOcHBc/s320/IMG_0685.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside of a roof. Weaving and sewing and wood work.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf45Vtuy5Ojg0lK-fYPbpebH7VdEYi4_DDFyUZXnYVIoBfZtAPvneAEURnqGJdo5Hj05mSWnRVlTqmTrWBHMJILdpd6jjc9I0uOvuTKxjBtRwrFFPbtkCnK5gfQXJEpUrR0-ll0j3_Tj5i/s1600/IMG_0691.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf45Vtuy5Ojg0lK-fYPbpebH7VdEYi4_DDFyUZXnYVIoBfZtAPvneAEURnqGJdo5Hj05mSWnRVlTqmTrWBHMJILdpd6jjc9I0uOvuTKxjBtRwrFFPbtkCnK5gfQXJEpUrR0-ll0j3_Tj5i/s320/IMG_0691.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a ladder that goes up into the roof that is carved out of a log. Lovely.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvudcITvt_l_geQgFUYeTWvPd0z5yaJgcBgLYGudfLTx5zAuyHuqbvyZqk-x6PXulryKZBot4Nd4BRUe2xHu5903pj_Peimq3UmRvYCp40hdaqulwJUWb_jV526t4PVmAeiSJ5sBs8RA3i/s1600/IMG_0692.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvudcITvt_l_geQgFUYeTWvPd0z5yaJgcBgLYGudfLTx5zAuyHuqbvyZqk-x6PXulryKZBot4Nd4BRUe2xHu5903pj_Peimq3UmRvYCp40hdaqulwJUWb_jV526t4PVmAeiSJ5sBs8RA3i/s320/IMG_0692.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A very labor-intensive way to make planks.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6OsCoZuy9uXMprpW0Hq8N0-B0x2yIihINr9lNkXpRqh090fnRZ_UVzGhUIftOmugXXnD9U8P7EtUUocZ-JMj3oNLjURnpN5vjcba02XIbDK-7F9tqv1aFNTLOlo5uMnzFhplauYfoLhLL/s1600/IMG_0693.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6OsCoZuy9uXMprpW0Hq8N0-B0x2yIihINr9lNkXpRqh090fnRZ_UVzGhUIftOmugXXnD9U8P7EtUUocZ-JMj3oNLjURnpN5vjcba02XIbDK-7F9tqv1aFNTLOlo5uMnzFhplauYfoLhLL/s320/IMG_0693.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Planks form a log</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivitcHFOtlFBl2b0D_gHS0o_RSxxBIoAR2cK-tvy2C2LwG_M7jDzFQKMj80dJl8ZaBewiRf0Du9LTl9qysQSkEGU135zmeaEJ9ouPcphwH6gBlfLtkWn0ac2kVdDtJF7tpVy-DSzgloGji/s1600/IMG_0695.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivitcHFOtlFBl2b0D_gHS0o_RSxxBIoAR2cK-tvy2C2LwG_M7jDzFQKMj80dJl8ZaBewiRf0Du9LTl9qysQSkEGU135zmeaEJ9ouPcphwH6gBlfLtkWn0ac2kVdDtJF7tpVy-DSzgloGji/s320/IMG_0695.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another lovely view.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZcLgxF6PMaBg7eHh98pG5FYM3H7P7U_Fok9Ol8atiE0c0HhyphenhyphenSStrZoYiLZ55ibTCQNdIRwQnnHDOdiMrot_lg0VkHTS2mearmGl39Yv7DpkhzQG1mmNxiVlycnvcbe6KxD0iuQ1bboJcy/s1600/IMG_0704.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZcLgxF6PMaBg7eHh98pG5FYM3H7P7U_Fok9Ol8atiE0c0HhyphenhyphenSStrZoYiLZ55ibTCQNdIRwQnnHDOdiMrot_lg0VkHTS2mearmGl39Yv7DpkhzQG1mmNxiVlycnvcbe6KxD0iuQ1bboJcy/s320/IMG_0704.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jointery.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhrpR5PZsW9MYa7GL5n3vVoyXUHxz35hKpIbxH2VO7VmXRUEiMIT9JBX6jw51-LRFdEsD1zfoKZneAn1lqK6JIJ-IMN95ygbKVww7YrF_EloOCMGWwxQV_zkHHSJwy6Ah7o8QPM_vkl0ZC/s1600/IMG_0706.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhrpR5PZsW9MYa7GL5n3vVoyXUHxz35hKpIbxH2VO7VmXRUEiMIT9JBX6jw51-LRFdEsD1zfoKZneAn1lqK6JIJ-IMN95ygbKVww7YrF_EloOCMGWwxQV_zkHHSJwy6Ah7o8QPM_vkl0ZC/s320/IMG_0706.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Logs on a sledge ready to be pulled to a work site.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4V3mvJytnIvmLHoBU675MoI10bQAtVPnUqryPcTvACRziQwWpJGLJXoozIIV2kvc5b5uUe_r5u_lMKMdZJhHvh7LuLbnc6kJs3ruNn2kpNWABU3_xc4ulg5eV49mczf_E4KKWTT5vdWxY/s1600/IMG_0717.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4V3mvJytnIvmLHoBU675MoI10bQAtVPnUqryPcTvACRziQwWpJGLJXoozIIV2kvc5b5uUe_r5u_lMKMdZJhHvh7LuLbnc6kJs3ruNn2kpNWABU3_xc4ulg5eV49mczf_E4KKWTT5vdWxY/s320/IMG_0717.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This beam was reused from somewhere else, and still bears the joints that were cut in it before. Wabi-sabi.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwAJk_0VBJ57MH4KLSQr90-kMBfOMCsM91CgEaaCbjyRIlQLV7XA4dJLi-fhtPFwKVA-xadwBZdqTE-E4Rrfygas2Klxy7zamHIAgDFDt568VDSoK30PngP46W9ijcepm9thXtFRmO3oQO/s1600/IMG_0725.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwAJk_0VBJ57MH4KLSQr90-kMBfOMCsM91CgEaaCbjyRIlQLV7XA4dJLi-fhtPFwKVA-xadwBZdqTE-E4Rrfygas2Klxy7zamHIAgDFDt568VDSoK30PngP46W9ijcepm9thXtFRmO3oQO/s320/IMG_0725.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A double hammer water mill for grinding rice. I love that the forked stick is a double trough. </td></tr>
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<br /><br />zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-79646976244728525982013-05-31T18:45:00.000-04:002013-05-31T18:45:57.900-04:00Tools Abroad<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje4M31MFvqik-9_52wqSSu08F2qtFZvaL5a7KsdyAIcEoy75yTPvEzPQl7fM066co5ZPjkdA-dkTctpl3qaFWjfU3BwPQY1kQqcKJx6VIHjZJMf2Jxhi8BiZuxDunOTU1GipL4ZCjAlXGv/s1600/IMG_0644.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje4M31MFvqik-9_52wqSSu08F2qtFZvaL5a7KsdyAIcEoy75yTPvEzPQl7fM066co5ZPjkdA-dkTctpl3qaFWjfU3BwPQY1kQqcKJx6VIHjZJMf2Jxhi8BiZuxDunOTU1GipL4ZCjAlXGv/s320/IMG_0644.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
This trip has been a constant juxtaposition of the very old and the very new (we recently went to see this building designed by Kengo Kuma that is pretty stunning, and built in part by temple carpenters imported specifically.). Toggling back and forth has made me constantly aware of my default stance that old stuff is better than new stuff, which of course I do not believe across the board, but that tends to color how I see the world. <br />
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We also are getting to spend a fair amount of time with tools and the way things are made, which I also love, and which is new for a lot of these students, as it turns out. It has been exciting to see them get excited about making and about the idea that they can make stuff. And I get to also see some incredible stuff, of course.<br />
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The story goes that in 1610, a temple carpenter in Nagoya started a carpentry business named after himself, Takenaka. Today the descendants of Masataka Takenaka run one of the five biggest architecture and engineering firms in the country. When they say it is a family business they are not lying. In about 1985, the corporation decided that it was worried about the decline of traditional wood working and carpentry in Japan and started a museum dedicated to wood and wood working tools.<br />
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Holy crap.<br />
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When the Japanese get it in their heads to do something, they don't ever really go halfsies. The Takenaka Carpentry Tools Museum is one of the finest museums of any type that I have visited anywhere ever. It rivals the Henry Ford, it rivals the Smithsonian. The displays are in Japanese and English, they are thoughtful, they are interactive, they are well thought out. It was just a joy to be there. There were video demonstrations of things that the students otherwise would never have seen, like two people using a saw to make lumber out of trees. There were displays about making tools. There were different species of wood with plane shavings that you could smell. I mean, if I had several million dollars and a year I could could not have set up a better shrine to traditional Japanese carpentry. Also? There is a full-time staff of six architectural historians.<br />
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PEOPLE! Come to Kobe! Go to this museum!<br />
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Actually, they are doing a joint project with GSD at Harvard next year, and part of the collection will be there. So go there, if you can't come to Japan.<br />
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There is a reverence and a gentleness to the way that the tools are shown that came through to me, an idea that there is something that is still relevant and necessary about these tools. And every edge tool was meticulously sharpened, something we would not do in the States, which betrays a nuanced difference between attitudes: in the States I think we would want to preserve the object in the moment it came to the museum. In Japan, at this museum, it was clear that the displays were put together by people that saw these tools as living objects. They have a purpose and a use, and as Miya-Daiku Ogawa says in a video there "Sharp tools don't lie." You would no more display a dull chisel than you would display a 1903 Harley-Davidson with square wheels on it. It just would not work that way, and this is an object that is made to work. So you show it the way that it would be if it was working.<br />
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It is a difference in stance that I have commented on here before, this idea of what is "real," what is "historically accurate," and I am really interested in it. History, of course, is notoriously subjective. It is, as the famous quote goes, written by the winners. And so who are we to say what the best way to celebrate and present history is, and how best to talk about it? Is it lying to say that a building that was built this year is the exact same building that was built a hundred years ago, if it was built in the same way with the same tools? Not from a certain (very Japanese) point of view. Similarly, it is only appropriate to sharpen a plane iron to a mirror hone before presenting it.<br />
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I suppose that one of the things about travel is that it allows you to step back and look at the assumptions that you make every day and question them. I sure am doing that here, sometimes on a daily basis. Here are some images from the museum.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwYXwBFmsE7FoWld20nOcu2aStSPVleWoWoKqzCB8H_a9C_z44nEB0Z4e3PZCV3e5PwbR8FotrYiFJeRQiq3u_6RGocUYFcehojwHbyb9x5hcPX7UOO3T8iWFNIjFsKUwNqAi0DQltDei8/s1600/IMG_0623.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwYXwBFmsE7FoWld20nOcu2aStSPVleWoWoKqzCB8H_a9C_z44nEB0Z4e3PZCV3e5PwbR8FotrYiFJeRQiq3u_6RGocUYFcehojwHbyb9x5hcPX7UOO3T8iWFNIjFsKUwNqAi0DQltDei8/s320/IMG_0623.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Two-person saw with an instructional video. There was also a video about how to assemble the saw.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbKkTr6p6yNdG0h6QvnV4RUBWawvOetPYcom4lWAmi1G5xjrD_lhqosxatd6p5DYoco6oqExFOpKFSmbL6E1bjB-e1UtwCTJXVUBZc96Tp2UtAgqaHEq9fpSrc2tB44XiQeMsvs76IFrfz/s1600/IMG_0625.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbKkTr6p6yNdG0h6QvnV4RUBWawvOetPYcom4lWAmi1G5xjrD_lhqosxatd6p5DYoco6oqExFOpKFSmbL6E1bjB-e1UtwCTJXVUBZc96Tp2UtAgqaHEq9fpSrc2tB44XiQeMsvs76IFrfz/s320/IMG_0625.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A "Standard Carpenter's Tool Chest"</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifJIA5c8SFFeZjmj7dYHzVBli12eZN_bItGF35edt-4JXbKeHfy4YIDBkgPAKi1vsnSRFeC2-wkeokuRSjh7SH3PP5nxO4vKtMbLPTC4fRLeJ47Z1mYs4oNZi61jWBCtZQcQvAvqDrM5MC/s1600/IMG_0626.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifJIA5c8SFFeZjmj7dYHzVBli12eZN_bItGF35edt-4JXbKeHfy4YIDBkgPAKi1vsnSRFeC2-wkeokuRSjh7SH3PP5nxO4vKtMbLPTC4fRLeJ47Z1mYs4oNZi61jWBCtZQcQvAvqDrM5MC/s320/IMG_0626.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A display of sumitsubo, which they use instead of chalk lines.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDjE8dnX3TQxkOYqUqPlGqHBitm1L7kseGJcfxy4VhFT2j-zXJzDo4WoQhkTlYqlDHGWI03fGXSp1RrOirqDE3UCxc47tI_vZ_-D-N7-mPfznQ1Jkw3LuMuYEW_eHAjp97HEBQpo_I6AfF/s1600/IMG_0628.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDjE8dnX3TQxkOYqUqPlGqHBitm1L7kseGJcfxy4VhFT2j-zXJzDo4WoQhkTlYqlDHGWI03fGXSp1RrOirqDE3UCxc47tI_vZ_-D-N7-mPfznQ1Jkw3LuMuYEW_eHAjp97HEBQpo_I6AfF/s320/IMG_0628.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A very funny Indonesian wooden hand plane.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQwTxqJF9wbEvRKx3HpC21CHdoTiUx4mb3XtmbGZM7V3BHbkYH1Y_0_7BIcwfbcoi9EITLNJOfqdyE7iEFbbYXAap9vpACJEjADrWzYNmXSYeoWtMtz4LR1Ge6fgsv5Ez0wwWlc4CaA5FO/s1600/IMG_0629.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQwTxqJF9wbEvRKx3HpC21CHdoTiUx4mb3XtmbGZM7V3BHbkYH1Y_0_7BIcwfbcoi9EITLNJOfqdyE7iEFbbYXAap9vpACJEjADrWzYNmXSYeoWtMtz4LR1Ge6fgsv5Ez0wwWlc4CaA5FO/s320/IMG_0629.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Woods of Japan" complete with end grain, face grain, and shavings to smell.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdB611US57h0XiUU-8p16SgNOrjqUUE7cWgdgF44NiH-_e4n2KQX4UPsmTXYPv9AMPZrZIrYr4zg6SovbD47WqTXWoYq-EnuUZSkgGbnRy8zgf5ZujoXvYop8yd-UdLfycIOq6ljFQj4BI/s1600/IMG_0630.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdB611US57h0XiUU-8p16SgNOrjqUUE7cWgdgF44NiH-_e4n2KQX4UPsmTXYPv9AMPZrZIrYr4zg6SovbD47WqTXWoYq-EnuUZSkgGbnRy8zgf5ZujoXvYop8yd-UdLfycIOq6ljFQj4BI/s320/IMG_0630.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adzes. Lots of adzes.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOIpilgHfx1EjYRiE_-vUjNGrGfpZ6bUr1TjuWuMWvVEc7SMflFO0Byvlk9HXXIpzdAREZezriWi41m9IHclWaGTdoNLXU6kKwjhC0J7W3UCuKESDSfoxuAXt-O5sQI9cwI13WhPCx2IcM/s1600/IMG_0631.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOIpilgHfx1EjYRiE_-vUjNGrGfpZ6bUr1TjuWuMWvVEc7SMflFO0Byvlk9HXXIpzdAREZezriWi41m9IHclWaGTdoNLXU6kKwjhC0J7W3UCuKESDSfoxuAXt-O5sQI9cwI13WhPCx2IcM/s320/IMG_0631.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">More joint samples.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2lhOk1Yft_2YCfifpV67Q0dJLb-u2JYuGdOKRxc1vRIcgexW4khiAKDejFMDtxQVFKkZpQ4cjahJ1vqXRJnJzS5HIXmC9x6Mo8jgKvgfO84hBl84xCAGKpUZw0GIumhc-bO-bHZxFh2ae/s1600/IMG_0633.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2lhOk1Yft_2YCfifpV67Q0dJLb-u2JYuGdOKRxc1vRIcgexW4khiAKDejFMDtxQVFKkZpQ4cjahJ1vqXRJnJzS5HIXmC9x6Mo8jgKvgfO84hBl84xCAGKpUZw0GIumhc-bO-bHZxFh2ae/s320/IMG_0633.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yet more joint samples</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijBdwpCtK299orEb7jMGkKQ3FU_I0lCoO0op5sS5pR4Twh3o2_jd6QQbvtetaNHZ2fffMD23EDoIhJWfATpreT1omIEvvN3cprNNbnFAUFXzeSzMtsG2M2iBZbp_GwMS2B1Dyf9P-pRx4c/s1600/IMG_0634.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijBdwpCtK299orEb7jMGkKQ3FU_I0lCoO0op5sS5pR4Twh3o2_jd6QQbvtetaNHZ2fffMD23EDoIhJWfATpreT1omIEvvN3cprNNbnFAUFXzeSzMtsG2M2iBZbp_GwMS2B1Dyf9P-pRx4c/s320/IMG_0634.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"How to make a ryoba saw."</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzCT5FEX3apGhzuOvlTObf8AzEB_jopHBoZ2IDBNu_uaiEy721trDz_UKKsQyluxQdl5_xalKznrr3rOlkKwYd0pLAV3f19SR_UB23ua95kUQmrIDzATn7YQpNGjp3CKfF_Kclhyphenhyphenb55Fi/s1600/IMG_0636.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzCT5FEX3apGhzuOvlTObf8AzEB_jopHBoZ2IDBNu_uaiEy721trDz_UKKsQyluxQdl5_xalKznrr3rOlkKwYd0pLAV3f19SR_UB23ua95kUQmrIDzATn7YQpNGjp3CKfF_Kclhyphenhyphenb55Fi/s320/IMG_0636.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"A Miya-Daiku's Tool Chest"</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5THMdz8Wm6oMCwapFPiMKQ4xU3yDrexWctK1ZlTVu-icEY4aZO0zxDNVxMr4U3HD4HGHBBAPsYugRB2qwaJZiwpK7o5kAtsh6jIO1GY9OcpXFmGutZzDdusKyQFQBxD7uohiT6AOZM2Oh/s1600/IMG_0637.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5THMdz8Wm6oMCwapFPiMKQ4xU3yDrexWctK1ZlTVu-icEY4aZO0zxDNVxMr4U3HD4HGHBBAPsYugRB2qwaJZiwpK7o5kAtsh6jIO1GY9OcpXFmGutZzDdusKyQFQBxD7uohiT6AOZM2Oh/s320/IMG_0637.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The different finishes and the waste that comes from using an adze, a spear plane, a roughing plane, and a hand plane in that order. Holy cow</td></tr>
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<br />zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-70731942094119048222013-05-29T17:53:00.001-04:002013-05-29T17:53:44.877-04:00Scrap BookI have been writing every day about some specific thing, which has meant that there is a lot that does not get said. I wanted to take this morning to post some images that are not necessarily connected, but that are pretty cool. So here we go, starting with an image from Honganji, a temple that is the largest wooden structure in Japan. They need a lot of fire extinguishers.<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV6VOF87dkmv7OPY4ivcKo_v5nFrh0kEeuksL8A_FY833k_JpEne5lyLE5VqgJvCvt17HZjTn8QvPEZtL1C3VJDhRkCive0eeqq4FH7xa8Pdw4KjfkghDspXQX1fHkn1cvZg25pUygu3iz/s640/blogger-image--1598583377.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV6VOF87dkmv7OPY4ivcKo_v5nFrh0kEeuksL8A_FY833k_JpEne5lyLE5VqgJvCvt17HZjTn8QvPEZtL1C3VJDhRkCive0eeqq4FH7xa8Pdw4KjfkghDspXQX1fHkn1cvZg25pUygu3iz/s640/blogger-image--1598583377.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">A really nice bench. Super simple but quite lovely:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivg5o2ly8qCSC-SIZSuyRHBZkyJgIxfyYAbprafFoJGq_otUWWVdNNgdFn4o6j6mF8BHqTe3Jyywe0V1zzBXOJF7p5PvbwkrtlROCUaRIrES9wfRDH265EdaSmasnyXzXH4JdUvK67-wv8/s640/blogger-image--1423751552.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivg5o2ly8qCSC-SIZSuyRHBZkyJgIxfyYAbprafFoJGq_otUWWVdNNgdFn4o6j6mF8BHqTe3Jyywe0V1zzBXOJF7p5PvbwkrtlROCUaRIrES9wfRDH265EdaSmasnyXzXH4JdUvK67-wv8/s640/blogger-image--1423751552.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Used book store in Kyoto. So lovely. The books are stitched, but with paper covers. I just love them.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBz-fDM8LjozGja3vjtSz1czzo8Rp7n-459clOOZnqOjQ7JfVGxMBWyY2TFHiU2wvfW6DN0CNU5NOt-BdMXDIlpvo00dsCrMPfQbK5y6t1UGuvCq6QCbQ-Y7Sp5TWAHLKDadMN5IRKiBJh/s640/blogger-image-1783403576.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBz-fDM8LjozGja3vjtSz1czzo8Rp7n-459clOOZnqOjQ7JfVGxMBWyY2TFHiU2wvfW6DN0CNU5NOt-BdMXDIlpvo00dsCrMPfQbK5y6t1UGuvCq6QCbQ-Y7Sp5TWAHLKDadMN5IRKiBJh/s640/blogger-image-1783403576.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Not sure what this box is for, but I love the curves in the handle. Probably will make one of these at some point.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRph1JDzv0y8PNJkpcIf9d6qMxPwTIBv700rzF4Oc4WxhMH3Nc3-oH8fmk-S_X4derZVgtAmWlXNJ9HhSTG2WgBlO16rUNVUdHcKfJiGcaZMPLqQDPcgzmW4qDTNaqXiRHvrd4kR8IlsaG/s640/blogger-image-1034123488.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRph1JDzv0y8PNJkpcIf9d6qMxPwTIBv700rzF4Oc4WxhMH3Nc3-oH8fmk-S_X4derZVgtAmWlXNJ9HhSTG2WgBlO16rUNVUdHcKfJiGcaZMPLqQDPcgzmW4qDTNaqXiRHvrd4kR8IlsaG/s640/blogger-image-1034123488.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Creative re-use is everywhere here. This is a particularly nice one.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI35Kfp-cqp1jsvTMZkQQxdOOoPBiW0JChPGuO8qPDCLxGkSqzPp1Zlhwx7feY9oHgePxMDv4WR9I3EDw0_LC2oO3f1r9ospPFZdCwCHQwWzykSfpkQx-tdGPheIkFEYNuqLNIg90ppe14/s640/blogger-image--1457797210.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI35Kfp-cqp1jsvTMZkQQxdOOoPBiW0JChPGuO8qPDCLxGkSqzPp1Zlhwx7feY9oHgePxMDv4WR9I3EDw0_LC2oO3f1r9ospPFZdCwCHQwWzykSfpkQx-tdGPheIkFEYNuqLNIg90ppe14/s640/blogger-image--1457797210.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">I find the smooth plaster wall dying right into the curve of the wood to be so pleasing. It enhances both the smoothness of the wall and the organic shape of the column.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh54HWvrRHbwbm9A7cQw0GWHWo8roI9ntW0RZfP8AMrPB2O70GjLLURQuI1I9P9A0cGgwgk0J7Ifo-zEMkWEP3LnvyulT_l0AIj313RedAvYnBWINXI9gb2SLIwCRkobR76Qw_L12ahnPd9/s640/blogger-image-814605485.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh54HWvrRHbwbm9A7cQw0GWHWo8roI9ntW0RZfP8AMrPB2O70GjLLURQuI1I9P9A0cGgwgk0J7Ifo-zEMkWEP3LnvyulT_l0AIj313RedAvYnBWINXI9gb2SLIwCRkobR76Qw_L12ahnPd9/s640/blogger-image-814605485.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Sweeping up bamboo leaves at a Zen temple. As one does.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMrCzREp1Tvf0TS9_yBsBqVX0N5pX2D0qvZaGKR0VaBtDh4ZmSvz7ldtJKWezO9YqIVBHpKH0QfcZYFmKp7gStqtYfN5LzOKoB-oswtas27uT4c81v1s7fi36W8Mf7b5_34-9gwYA8RjzU/s640/blogger-image--362789552.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMrCzREp1Tvf0TS9_yBsBqVX0N5pX2D0qvZaGKR0VaBtDh4ZmSvz7ldtJKWezO9YqIVBHpKH0QfcZYFmKp7gStqtYfN5LzOKoB-oswtas27uT4c81v1s7fi36W8Mf7b5_34-9gwYA8RjzU/s640/blogger-image--362789552.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Some exquisite drawings on a screen in Katsura. This one is for Jaime especially. I wish you could see some of these drawings, photos don't do them justice.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaTLXxpqmn89CAa-FDv4XKXlKg2VowsjVKoJw6PETy_iYTU-FmclF42MAPzwysA1PToa3CvLW87eUHfi8PzfQYUKFUi2FnnxMrfYFnsN83Ll2pcVis7Wz3TFU9MumZJr3jGMM55TrGaDVJ/s640/blogger-image-1433645279.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaTLXxpqmn89CAa-FDv4XKXlKg2VowsjVKoJw6PETy_iYTU-FmclF42MAPzwysA1PToa3CvLW87eUHfi8PzfQYUKFUi2FnnxMrfYFnsN83Ll2pcVis7Wz3TFU9MumZJr3jGMM55TrGaDVJ/s640/blogger-image-1433645279.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Bibs on Buddhas at Kiyomizu-dera. All the Buddhas are wearing bibs this year, apparently...</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBTvV9Hgce-doziGRLLPC_HcK1QACKHLnNPrTfiqC6aI8J_43olb_AdYO3qiBZg4s0Tv5Y-5diS5ts7KDyfw0AJL8uUdl8QR3FXqd5fVHYl4Eq2ySDlbk0zgX57mKogzyDiN3yz2hNKuZo/s640/blogger-image-420230627.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBTvV9Hgce-doziGRLLPC_HcK1QACKHLnNPrTfiqC6aI8J_43olb_AdYO3qiBZg4s0Tv5Y-5diS5ts7KDyfw0AJL8uUdl8QR3FXqd5fVHYl4Eq2ySDlbk0zgX57mKogzyDiN3yz2hNKuZo/s640/blogger-image-420230627.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">A lovely, simple, effective fence, and made easily from bamboo. Pretty great idea. I am storing it here so that I can remember to do this.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjondclU4XknXiu9FvqvpLGIolI2K38xJQ1_BhGfSe7s7LcXJkDJNfjlEKAgYtDCrejAHeEC6WJoW3UHxa4vH-AILwDo7Y19XF-fG5pu9ZNMi3fGKUFVXaiBkcwagovz9OjWkV2Yck2LbQO/s640/blogger-image--1131866309.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjondclU4XknXiu9FvqvpLGIolI2K38xJQ1_BhGfSe7s7LcXJkDJNfjlEKAgYtDCrejAHeEC6WJoW3UHxa4vH-AILwDo7Y19XF-fG5pu9ZNMi3fGKUFVXaiBkcwagovz9OjWkV2Yck2LbQO/s640/blogger-image--1131866309.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">A terrible photo of a really wacky place: We went here with our students. If you want, you can sit on the boat and fish off the side and then they will cook what you catch. Osaka is full of weird stuff like this. We did not have that kind of patience, but wow. Just wow.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgElcuQdfLpQbuY_jlJ75FKKi_hfUF6jmUmvYJDwJZAcWwrP2zIRzvd9WjOPiRVwNwj_utYmEyqmBSdjzwqE321-lYa4uunodZ6cd3Lclj2jJ_q_tKLSm6uX1h-LNTVc5knBCixehtFZFz/s640/blogger-image--174354083.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgElcuQdfLpQbuY_jlJ75FKKi_hfUF6jmUmvYJDwJZAcWwrP2zIRzvd9WjOPiRVwNwj_utYmEyqmBSdjzwqE321-lYa4uunodZ6cd3Lclj2jJ_q_tKLSm6uX1h-LNTVc5knBCixehtFZFz/s640/blogger-image--174354083.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">A really nice square-link chain around a memorial in Osaka.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfay3AL8-qgqTDfZj9jw6kxdNTYuiLQPywkjSqzBZljS8aaTv9TVFdqq5ljgZqF6hAfnyfUAWg9DQ2yN0eHaFO4QAMurgbNHjDmvMp8aoTxpkYB5C1T4gpZfJt5fZtzoeqIl9IeHNtn_F6/s640/blogger-image-721347539.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfay3AL8-qgqTDfZj9jw6kxdNTYuiLQPywkjSqzBZljS8aaTv9TVFdqq5ljgZqF6hAfnyfUAWg9DQ2yN0eHaFO4QAMurgbNHjDmvMp8aoTxpkYB5C1T4gpZfJt5fZtzoeqIl9IeHNtn_F6/s640/blogger-image-721347539.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">This wood finish is ubiquitous here in older villages. The wood is scorched, which stabilises it and makes it weather proof. It is a very cool finish, and looks great next to the window grill. It is a smart way to weatherise your house, and does not cost any money for paint.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhye2K13uJwf2t7wp_Iv_EjyFlqLbvVYgWn367Ffurp7hwjdE6XfcbL6-Tvv9wbOOlWvjwkqqD04gAlAXWHv-_IN-slkRGF5SFmoNQ5-HCOmMqn4XqQ6SSRhQuuJaMNw9BXcAiunCaYJ1PG/s640/blogger-image-817021727.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhye2K13uJwf2t7wp_Iv_EjyFlqLbvVYgWn367Ffurp7hwjdE6XfcbL6-Tvv9wbOOlWvjwkqqD04gAlAXWHv-_IN-slkRGF5SFmoNQ5-HCOmMqn4XqQ6SSRhQuuJaMNw9BXcAiunCaYJ1PG/s640/blogger-image-817021727.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Once again, being smart: these are little paper filters that you can use to make real coffee in your hotel room. These were at Benesse House. Pity they make the coffee taste terrible. But still, a really good idea!</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOVa4WksoGlHKPBAzpwQ2TlUTu484pKijWV_FXMhI6soHRUbpE-hhlu4VzHjaPm3Mpqh78q5Yp_mH-U43IH0YsPycJDLsygQNwwzx9D4NrNRwQOyfe19HAMYkLcnvcIrpffY27eDLMKqUW/s640/blogger-image--2059932553.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOVa4WksoGlHKPBAzpwQ2TlUTu484pKijWV_FXMhI6soHRUbpE-hhlu4VzHjaPm3Mpqh78q5Yp_mH-U43IH0YsPycJDLsygQNwwzx9D4NrNRwQOyfe19HAMYkLcnvcIrpffY27eDLMKqUW/s640/blogger-image--2059932553.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">On Teshima Island, an art installation in a bamboo forest. I went down to the end, where there arethe ruins of an old farm house. Just the hearth, really, and a bit of the foundation. There is no signage, and nothing to indicate why that site was chosen. Also it is really creepy. Beautiful, but man, it creeped me right the heck out.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEfb63_YbVRxvXMBXh6UqBtsXZRX7cUyD90jc-cgk0GOhg79p0wCXMxNvNzS3NQ0Rgx-xYVdEAJgoyWIjePx5KGYeV83tBt1cSM-oYnVj3oyHzomSHXirDYISttvsnVTAVsgIsw4W4CEBW/s640/blogger-image--1686718307.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEfb63_YbVRxvXMBXh6UqBtsXZRX7cUyD90jc-cgk0GOhg79p0wCXMxNvNzS3NQ0Rgx-xYVdEAJgoyWIjePx5KGYeV83tBt1cSM-oYnVj3oyHzomSHXirDYISttvsnVTAVsgIsw4W4CEBW/s640/blogger-image--1686718307.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Lovely wabi-sabi on a chain at Teshima harbor.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1CmnHIGxtFugVz3bV8f-nmaD8UClByyJN_yB2A8a6fqBiusWNnc-o1zWFFd7-SBKCL1Y0mGYoMAggEX2ZCMPNZpHc7M8OpHetbWd69oy5HEL52OtNBqaFRHsBguoOC5GJc_o3NQpzziwu/s640/blogger-image-1184025708.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1CmnHIGxtFugVz3bV8f-nmaD8UClByyJN_yB2A8a6fqBiusWNnc-o1zWFFd7-SBKCL1Y0mGYoMAggEX2ZCMPNZpHc7M8OpHetbWd69oy5HEL52OtNBqaFRHsBguoOC5GJc_o3NQpzziwu/s640/blogger-image-1184025708.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">We are in Kobe for one night only, and this is a wedding chapel attached to our hotel. No, really. Western style weddings are all the rage here, there is a bridal shop in our hotel as well. But check this joint out: blue lit runway for the bride, and a skylight so you can see Kobe Tower, a great big, lit-up steel and glass phallus, just so there is no ambiguity about expectations. When Karen and I renew our vows I want to do it here. Holy cow.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEsCWQJWvA-4TU3I29v3aoWk-QPcUimK8cPNS-8guKIx7HiJknOcFldpwiU8V_cwfEf4ym9RnJjrjeMbdhDYqyLMPeRnglDdDAS6CP3NTDVvWk5YqMnck0VUIiFtXn-vcTSKZyrP_2djZy/s640/blogger-image--1726289345.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEsCWQJWvA-4TU3I29v3aoWk-QPcUimK8cPNS-8guKIx7HiJknOcFldpwiU8V_cwfEf4ym9RnJjrjeMbdhDYqyLMPeRnglDdDAS6CP3NTDVvWk5YqMnck0VUIiFtXn-vcTSKZyrP_2djZy/s640/blogger-image--1726289345.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">So there are some unconnected images, things that did not make it into other posts. There are more, of course, over a thousand and counting, but this will do for now. Today we visit the Takenaka Carpentry Tool Museum, and holy god will I write about that tomorrow!</div><br></div><br></div>zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-44481867240205913662013-05-28T18:44:00.001-04:002013-05-28T18:44:41.432-04:00NaoshimaThis is going to be hard. I am at a bit of a loss to explain Naoshima, and am understanding why my co-teacher had such a hard time trying to explain it to me.<div><br></div><div>Naoshima is a small island in the Seto Inland Sea. There is not a lot to recommend it over other small islands, really, and there are a LOT of small islands in the Inland Sea, which reminds me a lot of the coast of Maine. I mean, the beaches are different and the islands are different and there are different plants and, well, ok, we are definitely not in Maine, but there is something about all of these little islands rising out of the water that is Maine-like. This photo may not do it justice, but check it out:</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFw0dwjYrEC4U-cZgihnmPA3vBhyRit8cnvzyEUtAEPI759ucjUa3AX1XnkoMDkB7ZhnlQtRJbSzVkwwPHdh7e4eYnIa3vlZCe_rDEDYTDdC5WNa-DjAWOR2MOWff4okfVIaR5-epRQDBd/s640/blogger-image-1537841439.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFw0dwjYrEC4U-cZgihnmPA3vBhyRit8cnvzyEUtAEPI759ucjUa3AX1XnkoMDkB7ZhnlQtRJbSzVkwwPHdh7e4eYnIa3vlZCe_rDEDYTDdC5WNa-DjAWOR2MOWff4okfVIaR5-epRQDBd/s640/blogger-image-1537841439.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">You see what I mean?</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">So Mitsubishi used to have a refinery on Naoshima, and still does own part of the island. I have been assured they are cleaning up their site these days, but who knows. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">The Benesse Company, which is a big industrial-sized publisher, bought this island in the '70's I think, and in the '90's started work on the Benesse Art Site, a combination of site-specific sculptural installations, accommodations, restaurants, and galleries, and they commissioned Tadao Ando to build it. It is breathtaking.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">I don't have any photos of the inside of the structures (we are told not to take photos), and had a hard time taking photos of the exteriors as well, but there is a book in the room that has some photos in it, so the following are a combination of my photos and photos from the book. Including this next one by Osau Watanabe. This is the Benesse House Art Site as seen from the air. Maybe you can understand why it is so hard to photograph, it is built into the Earth so much that standing outside it you never really see a whole lot of it.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC2gMo1Jl-y1bzjsE8aZ1ckIDuudMmyRMCRRW-S1fCYFcwRTDsvvgN2eDtkDiyWBDGNb3uhU2R8QZf_dly7KMEepmHoGmgsVb4hhoE6IS6XRKqxV3_Dn3PtwTC4e707ntAvKK5e6xdpoJr/s640/blogger-image--1098149928.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC2gMo1Jl-y1bzjsE8aZ1ckIDuudMmyRMCRRW-S1fCYFcwRTDsvvgN2eDtkDiyWBDGNb3uhU2R8QZf_dly7KMEepmHoGmgsVb4hhoE6IS6XRKqxV3_Dn3PtwTC4e707ntAvKK5e6xdpoJr/s640/blogger-image--1098149928.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Here is another photo by Watanabe. This is the deck, I suppose, or veranda. It is reached by walking out of a wall-sized glass door, Ando has a thing (I would say it is a very Japanese thing) about blurring the difference between outside and inside. The photos on the wall are completely encased in acrylic, and are on display outside all year long. I love how wacky that is. And the walls frame a view of a little harbor, which is itself square. So you have the landscape carefully framed by square walls, and off in the distance you have another human-made square structure continuing the theme.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGHFeLB07qXBvLF71UBygzZNZOvdbyq9-qk60Q3cKev_K_81L77-D5YUABuLPjB56OePWvRBRKjZ5buW8ydH7LWQ5LnZOSU9pYaksbsrjrKIUxzXS2jcdASpROLfwzT9ljcScHxIrQIaFk/s640/blogger-image--484953614.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGHFeLB07qXBvLF71UBygzZNZOvdbyq9-qk60Q3cKev_K_81L77-D5YUABuLPjB56OePWvRBRKjZ5buW8ydH7LWQ5LnZOSU9pYaksbsrjrKIUxzXS2jcdASpROLfwzT9ljcScHxIrQIaFk/s640/blogger-image--484953614.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">This next photo is mine. It is of a Richard Long piece called "full Moon Stone Circle," and is made of stone laid on another deck. It was originally installed with another, identical piece on the inside of the gallery made of driftwood, which has since been removed, but this piece is pretty lovely in itself. I am so smitten by the tension between the perfect circular outer edge and the jumbled, rough texture of the rock itself. Just lovely.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8HtF3L6wGc5DCCBR4W7impTdn1mdZd3tu3Sx6fLREOIDOoJudE4dT6jVHULp7_CYLDO0cT-KIboSds86KIx6eKs5Y_F1K72U8ONVqru0xVDzwSlgFvnwlnfQwP97qAYH-F-rrVnP3DjxW/s640/blogger-image-342905426.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8HtF3L6wGc5DCCBR4W7impTdn1mdZd3tu3Sx6fLREOIDOoJudE4dT6jVHULp7_CYLDO0cT-KIboSds86KIx6eKs5Y_F1K72U8ONVqru0xVDzwSlgFvnwlnfQwP97qAYH-F-rrVnP3DjxW/s640/blogger-image-342905426.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Ok, now we get to what our rooms look like. I said that this is a combination of accommodation and gallery, so here goes, starting with an ærial view by Watanabe:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNUx-xb2OBGyK7FDxYxPkXPZJMUX239zOt4Bdqx1FVSNFylp1DbD6_jC_zXQClVxW1dt8C9n9LQ_20Lnn89Flvh9XXQQIu44JwCEapJUM6Jc_jQ3WdrDCuDRS60OvoXZFJG7od47RbLkUf/s640/blogger-image-1259460673.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNUx-xb2OBGyK7FDxYxPkXPZJMUX239zOt4Bdqx1FVSNFylp1DbD6_jC_zXQClVxW1dt8C9n9LQ_20Lnn89Flvh9XXQQIu44JwCEapJUM6Jc_jQ3WdrDCuDRS60OvoXZFJG7od47RbLkUf/s640/blogger-image-1259460673.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCW23HQcPpDAkm_KuRtdp-evykZlT0XtkjcsjwWUJYARjXZQ1fljviM4Svy5jzSgcsO0iy_rJ4aMFwDHlaWudpbd7qIiJOybMKqa5QfZMggtS6mB1mNb9jr2bxAovKRGSN7_SpuCEYn2By/s640/blogger-image--1064966108.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCW23HQcPpDAkm_KuRtdp-evykZlT0XtkjcsjwWUJYARjXZQ1fljviM4Svy5jzSgcsO0iy_rJ4aMFwDHlaWudpbd7qIiJOybMKqa5QfZMggtS6mB1mNb9jr2bxAovKRGSN7_SpuCEYn2By/s640/blogger-image--1064966108.jpg"></a></div><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">We are staying in "The Oval," a series of guest rooms at the very top of the hill. It is almost the highest point on the island, and it is incredible. You approach the building on a six person monorail tram. This slowly takes you up the (very steep) side of the mountain, and deposits you on a covered platform at the end of a hall. You walk down the hall and here is what you see:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijzAtVPH7m713FGi64BhZ8SzU3GA9mJ7RpUOuQH4XtKdjBeZAxBMs4pfEtZUEt3ZLo9cBnTZhOiTcxvkAPpjhlUJ-15jttp5AF8yGNr81zQcQBihHE_DvdUQ2tLhDXxSrWRmDVSLv6zH4_/s640/blogger-image-623710868.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijzAtVPH7m713FGi64BhZ8SzU3GA9mJ7RpUOuQH4XtKdjBeZAxBMs4pfEtZUEt3ZLo9cBnTZhOiTcxvkAPpjhlUJ-15jttp5AF8yGNr81zQcQBihHE_DvdUQ2tLhDXxSrWRmDVSLv6zH4_/s640/blogger-image-623710868.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">All of the rooms let off an oval atrium with a huge reflecting pool in the center of it. The water running over the side of the pool makes a lovely white noise as it echoes off of the walls, and you circumambulate the water as you go to your room.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP9LioG104fHYNskXLDXiTVoZVf2YsgH1nV-j1yBo2Uk9odDTjQEZThu-khm-pd-q404any2SxqGd3nARqPdTuBrTj6JXg4igMRdF0ZeBNcx0n2jGbXdtV5cH8YpHWYhKOEzIijD2LJMaA/s640/blogger-image-314334498.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP9LioG104fHYNskXLDXiTVoZVf2YsgH1nV-j1yBo2Uk9odDTjQEZThu-khm-pd-q404any2SxqGd3nARqPdTuBrTj6JXg4igMRdF0ZeBNcx0n2jGbXdtV5cH8YpHWYhKOEzIijD2LJMaA/s640/blogger-image-314334498.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">My room looks like this:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiupjImz0zL0rtf93WXgXXfK8JkffrJydS0kOwKg8o6JsPm80clqawhdbl3UN7zVSj0Z52LkbU2gDqBoYpPGEs84uD68NhHywa3cRytU8gJDnXfKnB9muZQCyM0UNWwVFrV9W9vgSNOqCfW/s640/blogger-image-437268220.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiupjImz0zL0rtf93WXgXXfK8JkffrJydS0kOwKg8o6JsPm80clqawhdbl3UN7zVSj0Z52LkbU2gDqBoYpPGEs84uD68NhHywa3cRytU8gJDnXfKnB9muZQCyM0UNWwVFrV9W9vgSNOqCfW/s640/blogger-image-437268220.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">One whole wall is windows, and the windows both open, so that by sliding one of the windows away there is no barrier between inside and outside, between nature and human-made space. It really is quite stunning. Here is another view:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY5FOf6kDHxnhpf-H3BitVbXx4VPSkObkCYmjtkCXWA6xE_siiAvU8M0DB51Olr2CjpoIPE03-_vHoSQIDSWoi2L352wosoS8ApSKsxCKrgQ9JdfZvfDlq101JLyFac687uqdomckao2nK/s640/blogger-image--281593699.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY5FOf6kDHxnhpf-H3BitVbXx4VPSkObkCYmjtkCXWA6xE_siiAvU8M0DB51Olr2CjpoIPE03-_vHoSQIDSWoi2L352wosoS8ApSKsxCKrgQ9JdfZvfDlq101JLyFac687uqdomckao2nK/s640/blogger-image--281593699.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">And the view from my room this morning when I got up:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUnGJSeTw_DEiACoXKsqRkLo9POkPUcVXSgbA7gkg2DHcntuV0taY4iS3S3ZZNDhyzWeAIaZTY-md18pX5CX6VAroELYV-OZSiewKLhYZbMP3yUO5gNceQZmfx-XqeuzhcKGyapv9cae4u/s640/blogger-image--659255762.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUnGJSeTw_DEiACoXKsqRkLo9POkPUcVXSgbA7gkg2DHcntuV0taY4iS3S3ZZNDhyzWeAIaZTY-md18pX5CX6VAroELYV-OZSiewKLhYZbMP3yUO5gNceQZmfx-XqeuzhcKGyapv9cae4u/s640/blogger-image--659255762.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Not too bad.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">This place is pretty incredible, even given the lack of internet (First World problem). The idea that we get to stay in a space that was designed so well, so tightly, is pretty special. And I am thinking a lot about these barriers we set up for ourselves: inside/outside, human/nature, transparent/opaque. The ways that Ando manipulates them helps us to understand that our thinking about them is arbitrary at best. We have cultural expectations about walls and windows, about interior spaces and exterior spaces, as do the Japanese. But these are learned responses to the built environment, and we can learn other ways of thinking about that.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Which of course can be expanded to address all of the cultural assumptions that we make, about the role of people in our lives, about our responsibilities to each other. All of these are things that are open to question, open to improvement, just as much as the size of a window is.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Pretty cool place.</div><br></div><br></div><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><br></div><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div>zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-82760413074840427292013-05-27T19:04:00.001-04:002013-05-27T19:04:19.964-04:00Hit it rightThe Bizen prefecture encompasses some iron-rich land, and for thousand years it was the center of Japanese sword making. The smithing tradition in this prefecture east of Okayama runs deep, and there is a museum built to honor it: The Bizen Osafune Sword Muesum.<div><br></div><div>I am not a Japanese sword aficionado, of course, but this is a museum built and dedicated to the craft of black smithing, and one of the only of its kind that I know of. And every other Sunday they have a "blacksmithing demo," so that sounded cool. So we set up our travels to stay over in Okayama, and to take a train out to the museum on the only Sunday we could make work. It is not close to anything else at all, so this required a little figuring.</div><div><br></div><div>The museum's website is a bit hard to follow, and even with a co-worker of Japanese descent helping me on the US end it was a struggle to get this piece to fit well. Then she told me one day that she had finally made contact with the museum and the Sunday we were going to be there was not, in fact, a Sunday that there was going to be a smithing demo.</div><div><br></div><div>Well, hell.</div><div><br></div><div>At this point the hotel had been booked, though, and so we went. It went like this: We went to the Okayama train station and got on a little two car train. It was pretty empty. We rattled along (no bullet train, this) through smaller and smaller towns until we got to Kagato, literally a one-track town. We got off the train at the platform, and looked around. There was almost no english signage. We were likely to be the most exciting thing to happen at the Kagato platform in quite a while.</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks to various apps that pulled up maps we started walking along a pretty wee-traveled four lane road. It made me think of Reynolda Road where I grew up, or Genesee Street in Syracuse. Trucks going by, cars zooming along. It was a hot, sunny day, and fourteen out-of-towners were walking through the weeds along the side of the road, hoping this was going to be worth it.</div><div><br></div><div>We turned left and really started to get into farm land. Rice paddies lay baking in the sun, it must not be time yet to flood them. So there was field after field of light-tan loam looking for all the world like plowed fields everywhere. Then we turned the corner and there it was. Bizen Osafune.</div><div><br></div><div>It is situated in a complex of modern buildings, with a separate building for each step in the process of making a sword: Smithing, grinding, honing, engraving, polishing, and making the scabbard. We politely went through the first building which had some lovely sword blades on view. Pretty, but to a guy who neither knows anything about swords no can read Japanese, it was hard to be too excited. We do have a couple of Chinese students, and they can read the kanji but not the -kana, so they translated that this blade was fourteenth century, and this one was twelfth. Cool, but a bit esoteric.</div><div><br></div><div>Then I heard the trip hammer. </div><div><br></div><div>If you have spent any time around people making stuff out of steel, you know what a trip hammer sounds like. There is a regularity to the way it goes WHANG WHANG WHANG WHANG that is a tip off that someone is making something out of hot steel. I broke in a run to the smithy. And I forgot about the trip hammer.</div><div><br></div><div>There was no smithing demo, true. But in a couple of weeks all of the apprentice blacksmiths in Japan are sitting the test to see if they are ready to become journeymen, and they were all at Bizen museum taking workshops to prepare. </div><div><br></div><div>Sometimes you have to be sure you are asking the right questions.</div><div><br></div><div>So the smithy was filled with people, all 6 forges were glowing, strapping young men were standing around with big hammers. What a show. Several of the forges were in the process of taking the raw iron and adding carbon to it and hammering it flat and then folding it and hammering again, so the sound of several sledges ringing off of the steel filled the room as the apprentices sweated with heat and exertion. It was incredible, I told a student it was like Christmas for me.</div><div><br></div><div>They were happily snapping photos, I don't think any of them had ever seen anything like this. I had never seen anything like this. It really transported me to a smithy of a couple of hundred years ago, this is how iron implements were made for hundreds of years in the West and the East. And it does not take fewer resources now to make something out of steel, we have just automated the process. It still takes as much energy, it is just that that energy use is hidden inside some machine. </div><div><br></div><div>We went on through the other huts and saw a craftsman filing away at a blade, and another doing some polishing. The polisher had a bowl of lollipops which he handed out with glee. He thought we were very interesting, I am not sure an American school group has ever come through that museum before. We talked to him for a while in pidgin Japanese and he showed us some of his tools.</div><div><br></div><div>All in all it was a great trip. It is a special museum, and we are lucky that we hit it at a day when we got to see a part of a process that helped to shape civilisation as we know it. I did not take a lot of photos, but here are a few, Starting with the forge:</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipWw-l9c4xfdiFCNR349pFKOIqlp64irAwfS8MKZ9HslVWbdfFQiGWP2iqu07TiW1KGLsg-h0YB227KI87L5EwbvxjK8STGXQYyh73DqORx3ZZj1s3sipl4E7O8PeB1K-uAascybQYwesK/s640/blogger-image--1875416232.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipWw-l9c4xfdiFCNR349pFKOIqlp64irAwfS8MKZ9HslVWbdfFQiGWP2iqu07TiW1KGLsg-h0YB227KI87L5EwbvxjK8STGXQYyh73DqORx3ZZj1s3sipl4E7O8PeB1K-uAascybQYwesK/s640/blogger-image--1875416232.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Big Japanese style sledges. I love how the head is off-center.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSSq8Z_2p-OYSwEaRDNAJlLpA4geWmn3mjdyhZHZaY6uJECXP90Y_31w6yU9XbQUSvA8PWtC4LdMRJYAVSODWQlqn088d8BOABW-MoJqyYaGgp4K-KSj581Xw67zzu9fC2nkwktJ970ZW7/s640/blogger-image-86491460.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSSq8Z_2p-OYSwEaRDNAJlLpA4geWmn3mjdyhZHZaY6uJECXP90Y_31w6yU9XbQUSvA8PWtC4LdMRJYAVSODWQlqn088d8BOABW-MoJqyYaGgp4K-KSj581Xw67zzu9fC2nkwktJ970ZW7/s640/blogger-image-86491460.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Tongs. One of the first things a lot of smiths do is make their own tongs, a different pair to hold each differently shaped piece of steel. These look a hell of a lot like a lot of tongs that I have used and a few that I own.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFnLQkstq37nNQ510Wo16CeZeDCaQpJqtcaPSjv-Wy0Yn964TkIkWCmvM7gWAvmvxDfEsb8hF3cHs-5d0015iMA4GuoBur6OLZtUeIlXiQp3Au486uTJvDNl9Dfm4xoq17ZMZxjt7Qq16v/s640/blogger-image--793945297.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFnLQkstq37nNQ510Wo16CeZeDCaQpJqtcaPSjv-Wy0Yn964TkIkWCmvM7gWAvmvxDfEsb8hF3cHs-5d0015iMA4GuoBur6OLZtUeIlXiQp3Au486uTJvDNl9Dfm4xoq17ZMZxjt7Qq16v/s640/blogger-image--793945297.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">In the grinding room. This gentleman is using a file to grind off the hammer marks and to straighten the blade.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_cGc9XX3mzknevSK1QwEOvH2QdE-yg01lspN4AtoFMT7kFYRffQAiPzLOQWmVbKMnPG2fYlZT0hOvceD1cBQj5Qm5UFouZDjBSX-C-3lJl1cv2dBFgFEyCuucjU3EyMVSVM99zzqb1rc/s640/blogger-image--1820520762.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_cGc9XX3mzknevSK1QwEOvH2QdE-yg01lspN4AtoFMT7kFYRffQAiPzLOQWmVbKMnPG2fYlZT0hOvceD1cBQj5Qm5UFouZDjBSX-C-3lJl1cv2dBFgFEyCuucjU3EyMVSVM99zzqb1rc/s640/blogger-image--1820520762.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">The polisher. He brings the blade to a mirror finish.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUGr7vzV6c3blzpxM7mgh04vlclkWNBWFEFGZIlEg9jWI2JTsy7u2hRqvywOKbpvz34q6Jd7A_Cwn0d_AqomlyeIh5JD1jcDuyVUUki6VMd6xBXB9yofqhHbcdAkQIf3Nc8joHcDWY-UFW/s640/blogger-image--798867295.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUGr7vzV6c3blzpxM7mgh04vlclkWNBWFEFGZIlEg9jWI2JTsy7u2hRqvywOKbpvz34q6Jd7A_Cwn0d_AqomlyeIh5JD1jcDuyVUUki6VMd6xBXB9yofqhHbcdAkQIf3Nc8joHcDWY-UFW/s640/blogger-image--798867295.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Little chisels used by the engraver.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRyR2d_HYQqH0mdEPBzZb6uOU4pgTfCKEOAxIGle60Qi_CddwEdqqfS_PANBVi85IfWQBaQevccDuCBVywxS9zpWLKgffSeJ9ys_sB8t4hvvn54SzCKzdfaa7ssHvkcpqLAQl2qo9bQqiA/s640/blogger-image-1953409863.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRyR2d_HYQqH0mdEPBzZb6uOU4pgTfCKEOAxIGle60Qi_CddwEdqqfS_PANBVi85IfWQBaQevccDuCBVywxS9zpWLKgffSeJ9ys_sB8t4hvvn54SzCKzdfaa7ssHvkcpqLAQl2qo9bQqiA/s640/blogger-image-1953409863.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">An apprentice smith at work. The master holds the steel on the anvil and teh apprentice hits it with the sledge.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBBT8R5sGL4QDrMiALQjk3zLxnnx-exM2ytbWOI3GFFPWTITbk30r-oQyOIokRx1tOY6gxfTIv6bgy6REHN7e5z-SelJvngq0RYz4-YLL2VxCQGWVRjhyzo0vNwNOtaUDGUy_eNjYITcsf/s640/blogger-image-48036802.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBBT8R5sGL4QDrMiALQjk3zLxnnx-exM2ytbWOI3GFFPWTITbk30r-oQyOIokRx1tOY6gxfTIv6bgy6REHN7e5z-SelJvngq0RYz4-YLL2VxCQGWVRjhyzo0vNwNOtaUDGUy_eNjYITcsf/s640/blogger-image-48036802.jpg"></a></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div>zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-29470345427072947602013-05-26T18:53:00.001-04:002013-05-26T18:53:40.791-04:00LightPosting is going to be spotty over the next few days as we are traveling a lot and seeing a lot. I am hoping that i can post later today about the museum we went to yesterday, but I really wanted to get some photos up of the Church of the Light first, so here goes.<div><br></div><div>In the 1980's, the congregation of the Ibaraki Kasugaoka church approached Tadao Ando about building them an addition to their existing wood church. Others have written more eloquently and knowledgeably about the resulting structure than I can, but suffice it to say that it is an important structure and one of the highlights of the trip for me was that we would get to visit it. Here is the entryway, a sort of space (here is "ma" again) between the sanctuary and the Sunday school building:</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjop_YGl0f54PGsVTO91xmO3cxuyJ0Wz2vnR6ngY9nb_bMrQMqHBfRSQgw-LMox5TIq0WaozXVoBbaBmXTUpzw3WuFLXJYT9Kq9d5_kwX8hfvjEcDhx9AwYOjDvXistfxcQZnydHU85B4_7/s640/blogger-image--159276114.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjop_YGl0f54PGsVTO91xmO3cxuyJ0Wz2vnR6ngY9nb_bMrQMqHBfRSQgw-LMox5TIq0WaozXVoBbaBmXTUpzw3WuFLXJYT9Kq9d5_kwX8hfvjEcDhx9AwYOjDvXistfxcQZnydHU85B4_7/s640/blogger-image--159276114.jpg"></a></div><br></div><div><br></div><div>It became possibly the best known Ando structure, this little church and Sunday school building, and for good reason: It is just stunningly beautiful. All concrete, which sounds gloomy at first, but when you are inside the cruciform east wall is so breathtaking and the rest of the space so calming and lovely that even this atheist felt reverential. It is the kind of space that makes one verbally respond: I was one of the first of our group into the space, so I had the pleasure of hearing the students one by one gasp as they turned the corner from the entry and saw the east wall. This is what the east wall looks like:</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsrTG25ZyJRrL0Q-9i0vrZ_3aVmllO1RMdkDZbbM3jCybmKk3wrRGXoAqHw7UFfx3q0ze4jhjl8k6945dYx3tN-i7QjBhl4xkobr047Y6W1tJgNfvQSHQOjeHzcvUvtPkmA6H8ZmK0l-8E/s640/blogger-image-566157129.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsrTG25ZyJRrL0Q-9i0vrZ_3aVmllO1RMdkDZbbM3jCybmKk3wrRGXoAqHw7UFfx3q0ze4jhjl8k6945dYx3tN-i7QjBhl4xkobr047Y6W1tJgNfvQSHQOjeHzcvUvtPkmA6H8ZmK0l-8E/s640/blogger-image-566157129.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">The cross is simply a window. That is all, and that is all of the ornament. Just a window, just light. What better metaphor than to have the only sacred object in the room be not an object but light itself? Just stunning. The pews and floor boards are all made out of the scaffolding that was used to build the building, and the concrete walls still bear the marks of the concrete forms (an Ando trademark) so the making is part of the building and visible every where you turn. The process is the product, if you see what I mean, in a way that I think is so smart and so lovely. I sat in the space for a long time, just taking it in and smelling the concrete and feeling the coolness in the air.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">There is a reductive simplicity about this way of thinking that I think is so appealing, a stripping back to the very essence that makes it a delight to be in Ando's work. Here is the Sunday School room:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsI46YIzALxbYJLYh23XJSOMpUF0bEUTsXuGTzceQ-F8_sNjMjjAVuSWSZFo31b83QzuEKdafs8LfJesgLc8w01wV54z-lE6ES8TtyiL7WdmJcpn02pQ4rqH0gVU-KmKtxu-GT8s_nC8VD/s640/blogger-image--1355777753.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsI46YIzALxbYJLYh23XJSOMpUF0bEUTsXuGTzceQ-F8_sNjMjjAVuSWSZFo31b83QzuEKdafs8LfJesgLc8w01wV54z-lE6ES8TtyiL7WdmJcpn02pQ4rqH0gVU-KmKtxu-GT8s_nC8VD/s640/blogger-image--1355777753.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Notice anything? Yep, the wooden cross. Feels a bit weird, doesn't it? That is because it was not originally part of the structure. It was added much later by the congregation. It's their building and it is their call to do that, but I think it is such a great object lesson about two things: One has to do with vision and the other has to do with occupants.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">As far as vision goes, having one feature on the wall behind the teacher be an aperture that is again light and in this case seems to be beckoning you toward it is so much stronger than having another object that competes with it. Now the audience's view is split between the object (the cross) and the non-object (the window), which makes both a bit weaker. But then there is this:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">The building belongs to the occupant now, and they get to make decisions about what is important to them, and for a Sunday school, it is obviously important to have a cross. Makes sense to me. So there is a cross. But it is clearly an afterthought, an add-on. It can be taken out of the room, unlike the cross in the sanctuary which is built into the room and can not be removed. Interesting conversation there.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">On another note, the furniture in the Sunday school room was quite nice, and although I do not typically make plywood furniture, I thought the form work was pretty cool:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7qru_Lh-o3dJuHQItdNXGIuiWW2MFMv9rmQrSOpF9p9FkxNlfZzUaKnaAuPZzFWOwq3mZK1csiQMfYfLF79JYE_MAkOL4c2hQIc6uyGmH43ZKY62Z_xFxcaFxTr9iQ2XytrZCONU6NLQW/s640/blogger-image-1918631440.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7qru_Lh-o3dJuHQItdNXGIuiWW2MFMv9rmQrSOpF9p9FkxNlfZzUaKnaAuPZzFWOwq3mZK1csiQMfYfLF79JYE_MAkOL4c2hQIc6uyGmH43ZKY62Z_xFxcaFxTr9iQ2XytrZCONU6NLQW/s640/blogger-image-1918631440.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwu7xoegWRWJBEMBG0bpUHyAD0Y4TaFwoewX55C9t5tyYQoPXX_5BKCgK8wDrc8D-ZIpkjrgkbLZeGPBByMw9AO19cC3Sdi_GTrR6rZQMsFcMo3PCI2EvJ4D_sLC7IbyKLXLt31MeRZN5X/s640/blogger-image-350566240.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwu7xoegWRWJBEMBG0bpUHyAD0Y4TaFwoewX55C9t5tyYQoPXX_5BKCgK8wDrc8D-ZIpkjrgkbLZeGPBByMw9AO19cC3Sdi_GTrR6rZQMsFcMo3PCI2EvJ4D_sLC7IbyKLXLt31MeRZN5X/s640/blogger-image-350566240.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHnyov9lMa0AkHUrqlzrxybXOKfdzU-8aDzxZf3Kq2WPWdpDOBB9CEWwhZ0xRh_M3wTvJqGHpjrZ72_HpgdiBpFMqb3-Gzw9kN90tCRhwQO_ZApRygDZ1w16MD2_Y6jPD4jsMdBHe9RZf7/s640/blogger-image--1410523933.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHnyov9lMa0AkHUrqlzrxybXOKfdzU-8aDzxZf3Kq2WPWdpDOBB9CEWwhZ0xRh_M3wTvJqGHpjrZ72_HpgdiBpFMqb3-Gzw9kN90tCRhwQO_ZApRygDZ1w16MD2_Y6jPD4jsMdBHe9RZf7/s640/blogger-image--1410523933.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Simple, easy to build, durable. Nice stuff.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Church of the Light. What a gift, what a joy to be able to see it.</div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div>zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-65325192566457418272013-05-24T18:28:00.001-04:002013-05-24T18:28:32.494-04:00O(MG)sakaWell we ain't, as the lady said, in Kansas anymore.<div><br></div><div>Figuring out how to contextualise can be hard, and all we have is all we have, a lot of the time. So for me Kyoto was Japan while we were there. My trip started with a 6am visit to Honganji temple, the largest wooden structure in the world. We saw a lot of traditional architecture, and the city, though full of people, was relatively quiet. So I figured this was Japan: traditional, quiet, not much to do after about eleven pm.</div><div><br></div><div>Then we hit Osaka. OMG.</div><div><br></div><div>So of course it is ludicrous to think that one city (or any city) is a whole country, and of course it is ludicrous to think that one neighborhood is a whole city. But again, what we have is what we have, and what we have just now is hotel rooms just off of Dotonbori Street and it is a trip. This is the chunk of the world that was used as a model for "Blade Runner," if that helps explain things. It is a district of shops and restaurants that are all vying for the title "most insanely loud and bright signs" and is associated with a Japanese word "kuiadore," which I understand roughly translates to something like "To ruin oneself with extravagance in food." You could sure do that here.</div><div><br></div><div>The first night we were here we had just come from Kyoto Seika University, and had lugged all of our possessions on the train. We were tired and hungry, and checked into our hotel. We are all staying in what are referred to as "traditional rooms." This means tatami on the floor and at night you pull out a futon and sleep on it on the tatami. It is quite nice, I have to say The sun coming through the shoji in the morning is lovely as well. Here is a shot of my room:<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbarOUjXWwwQA2jY_iQXrk-3g65_UfDlnntcRsFzpbsDoN0C8CIQJ56FL8BVqAROwCNCD2AavUd8M5A8A8p1ZCL4Hq4Zum_mBEf_wylYj9KPBNWVSujMhCAJ2dxt1ooWYJRKF-dWrr2vP/s640/blogger-image-661290193.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbarOUjXWwwQA2jY_iQXrk-3g65_UfDlnntcRsFzpbsDoN0C8CIQJ56FL8BVqAROwCNCD2AavUd8M5A8A8p1ZCL4Hq4Zum_mBEf_wylYj9KPBNWVSujMhCAJ2dxt1ooWYJRKF-dWrr2vP/s640/blogger-image-661290193.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Then we went out on the town to look around. The students clearly had a good time: Many of them were drooping the next morning. I think some photos and video are going to do a better job of explaining this joint than my words will, so here they are:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFeN0BE8AnguaJsm_3GQwCMIfsS2upuTiiisKQcQutu7ndbBhNtuRBt9juvx88fp_tyBw5XsRak93JLuU_qSMXtDZh_XY7FV5MsqRE-2FPaHl1f0qwjiy3QSxitsiR7YQuZeOVZ4Wg-0pA/s640/blogger-image-849070070.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFeN0BE8AnguaJsm_3GQwCMIfsS2upuTiiisKQcQutu7ndbBhNtuRBt9juvx88fp_tyBw5XsRak93JLuU_qSMXtDZh_XY7FV5MsqRE-2FPaHl1f0qwjiy3QSxitsiR7YQuZeOVZ4Wg-0pA/s640/blogger-image-849070070.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJW-JaFEq440ZLoVAO_1zs4M04BVg9g42IS_Nfaa5lPzrD5C9721rP800DoxQvGSfEpAUuHshHrFQ-yvBS6r492wY27HXziYRPhU9nPSpcKcEf7k3nDrLy_KwV8O6LYkvua5FKCOfIhbwd/s640/blogger-image--1177941374.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJW-JaFEq440ZLoVAO_1zs4M04BVg9g42IS_Nfaa5lPzrD5C9721rP800DoxQvGSfEpAUuHshHrFQ-yvBS6r492wY27HXziYRPhU9nPSpcKcEf7k3nDrLy_KwV8O6LYkvua5FKCOfIhbwd/s640/blogger-image--1177941374.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIDPTxlSTGQFmXUQZdojsmqsPrDydseyUAD7h_-nttLqY8iYfjHLuLrtlBVe4VSrcBvBMFXVf2qayMEVGs0ymm7b-PF841NPnAdEXoLnIHRBLdXRJgInYEWSR0ZZJ0gvLfD8eR5W4gstoW/s640/blogger-image-1857206427.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIDPTxlSTGQFmXUQZdojsmqsPrDydseyUAD7h_-nttLqY8iYfjHLuLrtlBVe4VSrcBvBMFXVf2qayMEVGs0ymm7b-PF841NPnAdEXoLnIHRBLdXRJgInYEWSR0ZZJ0gvLfD8eR5W4gstoW/s640/blogger-image-1857206427.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJYb_AY12e9uq5L71Q2NRX0wBzF5UJHJJtseXX-I8Chwv1KsHy0Cui7h30cF7JosBeZnHMDLRvLVS93kP5ojofvPMIq_jDiulJa89JKz_CUSoZ400gAhJ1pVCJOZyMHnGKc5OX-PbZLfYS/s640/blogger-image-962226846.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJYb_AY12e9uq5L71Q2NRX0wBzF5UJHJJtseXX-I8Chwv1KsHy0Cui7h30cF7JosBeZnHMDLRvLVS93kP5ojofvPMIq_jDiulJa89JKz_CUSoZ400gAhJ1pVCJOZyMHnGKc5OX-PbZLfYS/s640/blogger-image-962226846.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Yes, these are bedazzled cars. No, I have no idea why one would do this:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDxziUnKOr9CLYdmgTZJddwwi2GfW9GBHyDJOzqCnHFy-R_bujq5AW_6VJyzpDojjdU0SdhYZMC3HUoErFjPTZxxyTvb7Yv3osVJYM6qO4IdUsUR_Atxa0caLd_ZGC8uWxHVCJC7xqh-WF/s640/blogger-image-2018406498.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDxziUnKOr9CLYdmgTZJddwwi2GfW9GBHyDJOzqCnHFy-R_bujq5AW_6VJyzpDojjdU0SdhYZMC3HUoErFjPTZxxyTvb7Yv3osVJYM6qO4IdUsUR_Atxa0caLd_ZGC8uWxHVCJC7xqh-WF/s640/blogger-image-2018406498.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Street manga store:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpzoAaID3uY_hSCCDWPeVaP_N2w2bKm1G0h21QTnYB-GYIFTEV6G_UfIEHw4bfX_egxqCtutRFw2t5frsgsob5_taKwTYQK002qyMiJb9xZvGZsS_7P-QpOpXdouCIaVMKcyV9BR0nxQu5/s640/blogger-image-1196414413.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpzoAaID3uY_hSCCDWPeVaP_N2w2bKm1G0h21QTnYB-GYIFTEV6G_UfIEHw4bfX_egxqCtutRFw2t5frsgsob5_taKwTYQK002qyMiJb9xZvGZsS_7P-QpOpXdouCIaVMKcyV9BR0nxQu5/s640/blogger-image-1196414413.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">And then there is this:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm5VBm35PIoxs83-vqO41uitQl2Ke-taunq9qrRDc_OnkzsXrTbEMR9yfuUbu-UcGwqQPNfoUEb8Zx8fNXXL-58EbuWY3XDYQ3uEfqRMLJLTeNyWmFK19e-yK3cMTp_P8u3l7TqaMOu-3-/s640/blogger-image-508671490.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm5VBm35PIoxs83-vqO41uitQl2Ke-taunq9qrRDc_OnkzsXrTbEMR9yfuUbu-UcGwqQPNfoUEb8Zx8fNXXL-58EbuWY3XDYQ3uEfqRMLJLTeNyWmFK19e-yK3cMTp_P8u3l7TqaMOu-3-/s640/blogger-image-508671490.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">There is a booming (apparently) business in "hosting," which as far as I can decipher involves hot young men with carefully sculpted hair. These guys are all over Dotonbori, loitering and looking around. Waiting for customers, clearly. It is sort of like being surrounded by Asian David Bowies. Totally strange. Some of them are really duded up, too.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Now, to be clear, Osaka is a huge city, with a population of almost three million. There are a lot of parts of Osaka that are not this. There are a lot of architecturally significant buildings here as well, which is why we are here. Tadao Ando did several structures here, which we walked around and looked at yesterday, and Kengo Kuma is still doing work here, so there is a lot to see that is not a riot of shopping and eating.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">But the eating is pretty damn good.</div><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Today we are off to see one of the structures that I am most excited about this whole trip: Tadao Ando's Church of the Light. More about that tomrrow.</div><br></div><br></div></div>zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-55055999707884944062013-05-23T19:21:00.001-04:002013-05-23T19:21:10.395-04:00Making sawdust in JapanMy section of the class is built around three workshops: The sushi-making one was the first and yesterday we did the second: a shoji making workshop. I was terrified.<div><br></div><div>If we are looking at craft and artisanry in Japan, the woodwork has to be a part of the conversation. In Kyoto especially we were surrounded by it, of course, and it has started to be a bit of a joke with the students when we walk in to a space that has a lot of wood they immediately start to watch me to see what kind of moaning and oohing and aahhhing is going to come out of my mouth. I see this as a victory: They are learning what to look for in wooden structures, they are training their eyes to see the beauty and complexity in the joints and to appreciate what is in front of them.</div><div><br></div><div>But I also think that there is only so much that one can learn about craft from books and museums. Making is an intellectual exercise, yes. But it is also a physical exercise, and it needs to be learned physically if it is going to be really internalised. One can read all the books in the world about writing, say, or cooking, but until you have fried an egg and eaten it there is a level of learning that has not happened: You won't know how the white solidifies as it heats up, you won't understand the hand motions needed to flip it in the pan.</div><div><br></div><div>So it was important for me from the first to figure out how to get the students to do some wood working while we are here. This is no easy feat: It requires space to do it and tools to do it with. When you are living out of a suitcase (or in my case a back pack) for a month, lugging around a bunch of chisels and saws is not something one wants to do, really. So I was stumped, and was trying to figure out how the hell we were going to do some woodworking.</div><div><br></div><div>I am teaching this class with a colleague who has done this twice before, and she has a lot of contacts here. One of them steered us toward Suzuki-san, an architecture professor at Kyoto Seika University. He graciously welcomed us into his university, and set up a room for us to use and made sure there were tools. Even better, he lined up twelve of his own students to take the workshop with our students. So now I was going to make shoji screens in front of twenty-four people, half of whom are Japanese and have been around them all their lives. Oh, with some architecture professors in the room watching. And then lead twenty four people (who have never made something like this before) through making their own.</div><div><br></div><div>No pressure.</div><div><br></div><div>To say that I was nervous about this would be an understatement. So I went up to the university a few days ago to check it out a bit, to get a feel for the joint. And I met Suszuki Sensei.</div><div><br></div><div>He looked nothing at all like I imagined, with wild long hair and a graying and slightly wispy beard. He was wearing a blue t-shirt that said "100% redneck" and paint-stained jeans. In all, he looked a lot like the folks that I hang out with in the states, to a certain degree. He showed me around and showed me the room we would be in, as well as his office and a project he is working on. As we parted, I could see that we were in good hands, and now all I had to do was not screw that up.</div><div><br></div><div>So yesterday we went up there and got started. It turned out that in addition to Suzuki Sensei watching, one of his colleagues stayed as well, someone who had done a fair amount of woodworking himself. As well as another architecture professor, one who also happened to be the vice-president of the university. Holy crap.</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN224MFaDxkb4nomFeILoFH_C_iH7e8FqBz9p_Kf50qjrPqj_fVXMze0sJXDCK7ln9gkGRlaZCDEp36yuW89tT3qdt90KOvPQfI96MvoGi-MYkEorf0w7QhAWkR1phG-z7awdLZ1hoTRZm/s640/blogger-image--1257262113.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN224MFaDxkb4nomFeILoFH_C_iH7e8FqBz9p_Kf50qjrPqj_fVXMze0sJXDCK7ln9gkGRlaZCDEp36yuW89tT3qdt90KOvPQfI96MvoGi-MYkEorf0w7QhAWkR1phG-z7awdLZ1hoTRZm/s640/blogger-image--1257262113.jpg"></a></div>But it went well, I think. I had mailed myself some pre-sized material and there was enough for everyone. The students listened and took notes (above is a page from one of the student's sketchbooks. I have never had one of my lectures more beautifully transcribed) and over the course of the next hour and a half everyone came up with a version of a little shoji. It was pretty incredible.</div><div><br></div><div>One of Suzuki Sensei's colleagues was an expert at applying the washi to the frame, so he demoed that, so I had the chance to learn some things myself.<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrpC5leY2_pwbwk9jsrG-LKb5UtW_BZ-jSJUlTEcnzD0sGNLtKWak2gvi1VlwPdM8od_UDJvNK14AHm6dNb3aP6IJ5U_p2Qv3ATZkgH7dKSXYSO-EE3FJt9FQDaGhdr-G5Kdh6kYMljkq0/s640/blogger-image-1832845854.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrpC5leY2_pwbwk9jsrG-LKb5UtW_BZ-jSJUlTEcnzD0sGNLtKWak2gvi1VlwPdM8od_UDJvNK14AHm6dNb3aP6IJ5U_p2Qv3ATZkgH7dKSXYSO-EE3FJt9FQDaGhdr-G5Kdh6kYMljkq0/s640/blogger-image-1832845854.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">And the students worked with some of the Kyoto Seika students and by the end were talking a bit and laughing with each other. Pretty cool. Oh, and the shoji aren't too bad either:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj57RtlgH_bXzJzUaKzsmbr-ihRShBJODHryI6LDEhUNntpj01sJKvzow6Fav8MC4R9KduoGxPx8wqsMI6QKbPRe1eYisDqzCGv4QHytcBGNa4JZS0CXHmmdhek57n04l_aRxmQhy4tev4h/s640/blogger-image--484955849.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj57RtlgH_bXzJzUaKzsmbr-ihRShBJODHryI6LDEhUNntpj01sJKvzow6Fav8MC4R9KduoGxPx8wqsMI6QKbPRe1eYisDqzCGv4QHytcBGNa4JZS0CXHmmdhek57n04l_aRxmQhy4tev4h/s640/blogger-image--484955849.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW2mOk-OwkwA1P2BLaPTM0twcyCYjnTDFyyYDYvCzVXJ7I_9HdeuI4RBKfDWJ3WmPZWNofwe63goSE5v172Kc75UB0LaultBOBowE2FGxwO8M7bkbRDtKp3mSavFRRbJdEBKuv0BeGJkds/s640/blogger-image-1779950534.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW2mOk-OwkwA1P2BLaPTM0twcyCYjnTDFyyYDYvCzVXJ7I_9HdeuI4RBKfDWJ3WmPZWNofwe63goSE5v172Kc75UB0LaultBOBowE2FGxwO8M7bkbRDtKp3mSavFRRbJdEBKuv0BeGJkds/s640/blogger-image-1779950534.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Here are a bunch of us with our screens:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_U0m8SaZ5hX2IbxcuU7-lBcCvmkrT-Mld8VhG93rTrsFg7k0HrVWw9ImQgmKHjE9QPZ0wrbp7qhE2nmO_aVyrXaZTZhNFJyK09v0-wjXe6T5WXFYi6k5bdGGhxqgqvHfurkT9497ISpU/s640/blogger-image--946772906.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_U0m8SaZ5hX2IbxcuU7-lBcCvmkrT-Mld8VhG93rTrsFg7k0HrVWw9ImQgmKHjE9QPZ0wrbp7qhE2nmO_aVyrXaZTZhNFJyK09v0-wjXe6T5WXFYi6k5bdGGhxqgqvHfurkT9497ISpU/s640/blogger-image--946772906.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Suzuki Sensei is all the way on the right in the green shirt. Hiyashi Sensei (the one who applied the washi) is on the left in all black.</div><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">All in all I think it went well. It is so hard for me to read the Japanese, I can't tell if they think it was a worthwhile endeavor, but I continue to hope that they think it was. And a big scary thing is behind me now, so that is good. And we are now in Osaka and holy jeebers is this place nuts. More on that tomorrow.</div><br></div><br></div></div>zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-72210938961561555812013-05-22T18:26:00.001-04:002013-05-22T18:26:52.243-04:00Personal spaceLast night I dreamed about playing guitar. I was in the sun-drenched side room of a restaurant called the Rose and Thistle, a joint in my hometown that used to host a regular jam session until it got torn down about 20 years ago or so. It was so nice to play guitar with friends and sing, it was really a pleasant dream. It is also an indication of how much I miss playing guitar, it is not something that I have been able to do while I am here.<div><br></div><div>I was not, I suppose it is obvious, at the Rose and Thistle last night. I was in 9 Hours Kyoto, which was a real trip.</div><div><br></div><div>9 Hours Kyoto is a "capsule hotel,' a distinctly Japanese method of storing people for a night. They were developed for traveling businessmen who were going to work all day and then go out drinking with their buddies and just needed a place to crash and then shower in the morning. Some of them even rent beds hourly. Most of them are men-only. </div><div><br></div><div>If you google capsule hotel you will see some pretty great images. Some of them are pretty bleak-looking, actually, ours was not bad at all. In fact, ours was pretty amazing. It looks like where Storm Troopers sleep, all white plastic and futur-y.</div><div><br></div><div>Men and women are on different floors, and have different bathing facilities. They even have different lounges, there is a women-only lounge if someone wants to use the wi-fi without a drunk Japanese businessman accosting them.</div><div><br></div><div>So you get a locker, and you get a capsule. The capsules are pretty wild. I have been explaining them to the students as "21st century tatami mats" which is pretty much what they are. Tatami mats are about three feet by seven feet, and have been the standard measurement of square footage in Japan for hundreds of years. The standard tea house, for example, is four and a half tatami in size. A bedroom might be three tatami. Interesting unit of measurement really, one that is based on the average size of a person. I like the idea of measuring built environments by the size of a person, that makes sense to me.</div><div><br></div><div>The capsules are a bit bigger than that, about four feet wide and maybe seven and a half feet long, with a roll blind at the end that you can pull down from inside for privacy. They are about four feet tall, too, with a mattress that covers the whole space. So you crawl in and you are in a spacious enough bed. All of the capsules are stacked in one room, an upper row and a lower row extending off of a wall in a black-painted hallway. The rule is no talking in the capsule room, and no 'phone conversations either, so it is pretty quiet. There are white noise machines whirring, and it was really quite restful.</div><div><br></div><div>There is a very clean shower and dressing room, with a half dozen sinks and maybe a dozen showers, all of it extremely clean and pretty nicely laid out, and there is sleep wear in your locker, so after you check in you take a shower and put on your sleep wear and go down to bed.</div><div><br></div><div>It really is ingenious, and a great and cheap method of staying some where safe over night. This joint is non-smoking, even. Below are some photos. I am blogging these days from the iPad, so I am having trouble figuring out how to caption the photos. Sorry about that. Also, over the next several days we are traveling quite extensively, so reportage may be spotty. I'll post when I can, with more regular reports when we get to Tokyo on the 31st.</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6sU-6jlDh-zMHjS1H5Q_XFZ42yuXikDR_pf_eFmH53cRcj31M4cFmzoYs0XGTEr30xmROinJnYJ9FPC108DIczC2bDvKCF4ROyayJxG40HrE1Gl1u7Pe-AUn_eUI6ZWh4tFigClwdB7Sh/s640/blogger-image-1391347158.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6sU-6jlDh-zMHjS1H5Q_XFZ42yuXikDR_pf_eFmH53cRcj31M4cFmzoYs0XGTEr30xmROinJnYJ9FPC108DIczC2bDvKCF4ROyayJxG40HrE1Gl1u7Pe-AUn_eUI6ZWh4tFigClwdB7Sh/s640/blogger-image-1391347158.jpg"></a></div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip8Uu2pvNbvrq1y0v5kOj5rJuciBxZlAM3BorkoOut6kbmQ2kvQjlwAriRbg_18S6V13qRhqGvsi2VAcYBonOzcydaEVvUGGYyvlbKMDkz6t8l51P1xRHuho5pDOX1ES6T773PrIRKxxGE/s640/blogger-image-1001015388.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip8Uu2pvNbvrq1y0v5kOj5rJuciBxZlAM3BorkoOut6kbmQ2kvQjlwAriRbg_18S6V13qRhqGvsi2VAcYBonOzcydaEVvUGGYyvlbKMDkz6t8l51P1xRHuho5pDOX1ES6T773PrIRKxxGE/s640/blogger-image-1001015388.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrxpyaEguxgPrlKyX07EQIMfLKIT_y6VcDXjsMEXQlhXuKOeEPF3O8xoAWvcN6WMuwi-dAxPjunRXyMGAvNXvCROP40QM6T15ZfqrrK5WSI3pVWk66Xg0MMx8bFpjneZ052XZEqO455_gb/s640/blogger-image--769466136.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrxpyaEguxgPrlKyX07EQIMfLKIT_y6VcDXjsMEXQlhXuKOeEPF3O8xoAWvcN6WMuwi-dAxPjunRXyMGAvNXvCROP40QM6T15ZfqrrK5WSI3pVWk66Xg0MMx8bFpjneZ052XZEqO455_gb/s640/blogger-image--769466136.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX3emMRTnElDplA8PqoHKUzCbbGBU0Z-oRL52uRKBn0GFiRx2X8XnMtRs5yjdbskcobLLwDTPZMoHNbxCAHWfZldJdIqTKf9F269_qgxcHXDfyAClvrCl6xL3KDfAdmprS8qABPaJwDVWu/s640/blogger-image-1828731454.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX3emMRTnElDplA8PqoHKUzCbbGBU0Z-oRL52uRKBn0GFiRx2X8XnMtRs5yjdbskcobLLwDTPZMoHNbxCAHWfZldJdIqTKf9F269_qgxcHXDfyAClvrCl6xL3KDfAdmprS8qABPaJwDVWu/s640/blogger-image-1828731454.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLWz44wx8JSNZCfUld9WnQgm22sxCn_pOGpWFJY7qE-efxYWuz7AYRhFdgkWSrV7l8HVnVaGNPqUedy9PC5iK7wpZ9_WXXhfmBO2OnrxqIs4ttACH05BdiFpHbneoWAZo5IjEcLRRmqpdg/s640/blogger-image-1915273011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLWz44wx8JSNZCfUld9WnQgm22sxCn_pOGpWFJY7qE-efxYWuz7AYRhFdgkWSrV7l8HVnVaGNPqUedy9PC5iK7wpZ9_WXXhfmBO2OnrxqIs4ttACH05BdiFpHbneoWAZo5IjEcLRRmqpdg/s640/blogger-image-1915273011.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKpDmxqxM2cru89hTsudSd4YCqnfqp35tC4JRo-ZkkXC7xO2yPr0AqBvGj7kDXkZS04Ab8x2szQMtAsHdDyNznHhHRD-0PFbdpDCnfV9_nqeblpLq4ePuC5Zop7H7DLBRva9MvvVToujf5/s640/blogger-image-1175702192.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKpDmxqxM2cru89hTsudSd4YCqnfqp35tC4JRo-ZkkXC7xO2yPr0AqBvGj7kDXkZS04Ab8x2szQMtAsHdDyNznHhHRD-0PFbdpDCnfV9_nqeblpLq4ePuC5Zop7H7DLBRva9MvvVToujf5/s640/blogger-image-1175702192.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC4UOzOCl_EAd2geh3wFmGfmMWOGevkvfGh0tAdmfpjucBv8FBwTAH1_-kxb97yVjIMvz8LWHBtGank9JGkeK55iOu8hKSO7ZT6W9I-sS01hPn0DxHhcDrcZwIsf0iW0X70aETlgXt54Y5/s640/blogger-image--2062277435.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC4UOzOCl_EAd2geh3wFmGfmMWOGevkvfGh0tAdmfpjucBv8FBwTAH1_-kxb97yVjIMvz8LWHBtGank9JGkeK55iOu8hKSO7ZT6W9I-sS01hPn0DxHhcDrcZwIsf0iW0X70aETlgXt54Y5/s640/blogger-image--2062277435.jpg"></a></div><br></div>zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7111455086640970857.post-56352831377680768082013-05-21T18:29:00.000-04:002013-05-21T18:30:12.317-04:00Rollin'The reason we were at the <a href="http://shavingsanddust.blogspot.jp/2013/05/food-and-things-that-other-people-say.html">Nishiki Market</a> is that we had met Chizuko Hamada. She is a licensed Kyoto tour guide, and she was showing us the market and then teaching us some Japanese cooking.<br />
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A diminutive woman of perhaps fifty, Chizuko has clearly shown a lot of people this market, and obviously delights in doing so. She has the sort of pride in her city that a lot of people have about their own cities, and the Nishiki Market is such a special place that I think it must bring her great joy to watch people discovering it.<br />
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As we went through she bought a few things, a package of nori here, some pickles there. At the end of the market is Nishiki Tenmangu, a Shinto shrine that is dedicated to academic excellence. In addition to being Buddhist, Chizuko also follows Shinto traditions, so we stopped in there and said a prayer. Then we went to Chizuko's house.<br />
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She lives in a small apartment on the 6th floor of a pretty modern apartment building. Not unlike apartment buildings that I have been in in the States: no moulding, taupe walls. Normal. Her kitchen is stacked with stuff, and she obviously not only teaches cooking but loves to cook.<br />
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She patiently led us through making <i>dashi</i> or Japanese soup stock, and then sushi rice. Like everyone here she has a rice cooker, of course, but she also soaks the rice for a while with a piece of kelp before making the rice. She would not do this, she explained, for regular rice, this was the process for sushi rice. When it comes out of the cooker, a vinegar and <i>dashi</i> mixture is added, and an important part of that process is apparently fanning the rice. It "makes it shiny," she claims. She said smiling that in a restaurant that is the job of the apprentice. Or an electric fan.<br />
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We ground sesame to make a dressing for some steamed spinach. When it had been applied one of the students said that she hated spinach and never ate it, but that with this dressing it was so good she wanted to go home and make it. I call that a victory. So important to remember that sometimes we just need a change of context to find our way forward. <br />
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The last thing to make was a traditional style omlette, which is made in a square pan. The egg mixture (eggs, <i>dashi</i>, and some "light-colored soy sauce") is spread thinly in the pan and then rolled up. You can roll vegetables into it, she said, but you don't have to. For the sushi we did not.<br />
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Once we had all of that, it was time to make the miso soup. Miso paste was strained into a pot of <i>dashi</i> (nothing doesn't have <i>dashi</i> in it, apparently. I bet it is even in ice cream), and tofu and seaweed added. "That's it!" Chizuko was clearly trying to impress upon us how easy this cooking is "That's all you have to do! Now, please when you go home you will make miso soup. It's very easy and very good for you."<br />
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Once everything was prepared she showed us how to roll it into the nori and how to cut it. And then, of course, we ate it. And it was so good.<br />
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For some of my students, this was their first ever cooking adventure. I asked if they didn't cook with their parents when they were young and a couple said no, they never had, which surprised me. It put me in mind of the cooking classes my mom ran for me and my friends when I was maybe 8 or 9 years old, making spaghetti or pizza. Nothing fancy, but she led us through making and then eating food just like Chizuko did. I thought everyone had some similar story of helping in the kitchen, but apparently not.<br />
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There is something so satisfying about eating your own food. the students were really moved by it. Even the ones that had done some cooking had not done anything like this, and now rolling that sushi is in their hands and their minds, and the connection is there between a physical activity, a skill, and nourishment. It really is one of the best lessons, and they all were so satisfied with themselves and with the food. It was lovely to see.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-wNsNdqBsHs0csUHzUpBkZbNJHYUOpwDB2ziaYH_1QASwHJS6mDO8Ri7_1osdy0rIB355pBf4EsT1hJIhmmTVs6tvA3rzsA3abiCfdv_Yh5RzksS-jtf3izRoADAicfcC1ZYJOYplwiht/s1600/IMG_0372.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXsN5Ay1-HZOceTSmZ6NST3DR8Kbuc87mru2s5RZZa_ehC28OOhw6yOFrzd5bWvQOvzZH2d589131GaDpVZwf_GHHmUB_dL6U9rqSYetc6arir3opzAbCva259Ifkd7rFCuDmBd0UG0kXl/s1600/IMG_0371.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXsN5Ay1-HZOceTSmZ6NST3DR8Kbuc87mru2s5RZZa_ehC28OOhw6yOFrzd5bWvQOvzZH2d589131GaDpVZwf_GHHmUB_dL6U9rqSYetc6arir3opzAbCva259Ifkd7rFCuDmBd0UG0kXl/s640/IMG_0371.jpg" width="478" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rollin' rollin' rollin'.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg9HPUtKqjbDFRFyJ3BTUXrUOisQkycTupcEZUQuzZJFdebTEq6dGsDMsU_GFhmFwFZtHYFH01ER0IFkroyd5ijJs6a9m530NelWXptEgw5z36SVpUDRMvf1w2AUn1XESPEaRRKFu7cvO-/s1600/IMG_0370.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg9HPUtKqjbDFRFyJ3BTUXrUOisQkycTupcEZUQuzZJFdebTEq6dGsDMsU_GFhmFwFZtHYFH01ER0IFkroyd5ijJs6a9m530NelWXptEgw5z36SVpUDRMvf1w2AUn1XESPEaRRKFu7cvO-/s400/IMG_0370.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Making good food.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-wNsNdqBsHs0csUHzUpBkZbNJHYUOpwDB2ziaYH_1QASwHJS6mDO8Ri7_1osdy0rIB355pBf4EsT1hJIhmmTVs6tvA3rzsA3abiCfdv_Yh5RzksS-jtf3izRoADAicfcC1ZYJOYplwiht/s1600/IMG_0372.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-wNsNdqBsHs0csUHzUpBkZbNJHYUOpwDB2ziaYH_1QASwHJS6mDO8Ri7_1osdy0rIB355pBf4EsT1hJIhmmTVs6tvA3rzsA3abiCfdv_Yh5RzksS-jtf3izRoADAicfcC1ZYJOYplwiht/s320/IMG_0372.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cutting the sushi.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSXZVZ5G43mbUmxlZOQJN1cXCidI73YOI7tjWVd7DNiyVKBLxg2CItXUcq9eMmSrjYkKmEgHy_ppYhMhZCU5pd2lu_t3eRzrw8LGyM4GJ7kSlHbtmqpks13FhnuB554oGQ9bZVdeWJShJF/s1600/IMG_0403.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSXZVZ5G43mbUmxlZOQJN1cXCidI73YOI7tjWVd7DNiyVKBLxg2CItXUcq9eMmSrjYkKmEgHy_ppYhMhZCU5pd2lu_t3eRzrw8LGyM4GJ7kSlHbtmqpks13FhnuB554oGQ9bZVdeWJShJF/s640/IMG_0403.jpg" width="478" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My miso, sushi, and salad. Delicious.</td></tr>
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<br />zekehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16414670413149382536noreply@blogger.com0